Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
Marouf Khalili; Mohammad Hasso Mohammad; Hamze Hamze
Abstract
To study the effect of different levels of melatonin on the biochemical properties and the amount of expression of genes related to the activity of antioxidant enzymes in bread wheat, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete Triticum aestivum block design. Irrigation levels ...
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To study the effect of different levels of melatonin on the biochemical properties and the amount of expression of genes related to the activity of antioxidant enzymes in bread wheat, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete Triticum aestivum block design. Irrigation levels (normal (FC = 80%)), mild stress (FC = 60%), and severe stress (FC = 40%)) were allocated to the main plots and melatonin foliar spray (zero, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) were assigned to subplots. The results showed that the flavonoid content and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity increased with the intensification of dehydration stress. The level of 100 µM melatonin had the highest flavonoid content, ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity. The mean comparison interaction treatments showed that the highest content of proline, phenol, superoxide dismutase and catalase was assigned to the 100 µM melatonin foliar spray under conditions of extreme stress of dehydration. Also, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde was observed for the 50 μM melatonin foliar treatment under normal irrigation conditions. The highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and grain yield were recorded in the treatment of foliar spray of 100 μM melatonin and normal irrigation conditions. In this investigation, the maximum expression of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase genes were determined in the foliar spray of 100 and 150 μM melatonin levels under conditions of extreme stress. . The foliar spray of melatonin, especially at the level of 100 μM, could moderate the effect dehydration stress on grain yield by improving biochemical and antioxidant properties.
Plant Disease and Biotechnology
Behzad Naeimi Nezamabad; Fakhtak Taliei; Abbas Biabani; Hossein Sabouri; Masume Kheirgu
Abstract
Fungal leaf diseases are the most destructive factors to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Therefore, identification of resistance sources to important fungal diseases is a great importance to increase wheat yield. In order to identify informative CBDP and SCoT markers for leaf rust, powdery mildew ...
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Fungal leaf diseases are the most destructive factors to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Therefore, identification of resistance sources to important fungal diseases is a great importance to increase wheat yield. In order to identify informative CBDP and SCoT markers for leaf rust, powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch disease, 63 wheat genotypes were planted through the augment design in agricultural research station of Araghimahaleh (Gorgan) during 2018-19. Clustering based on UPGMA, put the genotypes into 3 groups with 24, 17 and 22 individuals. Among the studied genotypes, genotypes No. 49 and 60 showed highest resistance to all three diseases. Association analysis showed that from 16 CBDP and SCoT primers, 99 bands produced in total, which 43 bands were polymorph. The maximum percent of polymorphism belonged to SCoT primers and the minimum polymorphism belonged to CBDP. SCoT11-2, CBDP 10-2 was shown significant correlation with all three diseases. SCoT21-3 was also significantly (P
Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
Samaneh Bagheri; Barat-Ali Fakheri; Ali Mohammad Ahadi; Abbasali Emamjomeh
Abstract
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is one of the most important wheat infectious which its prevalence is increasing in Iran. NIa protein as a key protein in WSMV, plays important roles in viral replication and proteolytic digestion of viral polyprotein. Considering the critical role of NIa protein in viral ...
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Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is one of the most important wheat infectious which its prevalence is increasing in Iran. NIa protein as a key protein in WSMV, plays important roles in viral replication and proteolytic digestion of viral polyprotein. Considering the critical role of NIa protein in viral infection, isolation, sequencing and determination of secondary and tertiary structure of this protein were the objectives of the present study. Also, the amino acids present in the NIa protein active site, which can be used as the targets for design and developement of new antiviral agents, were investigated. In this study, the gene encoding NIa protein was isolated from WSMV and its sequencing was done followed by cloning in pEST prokaryotic vector. The resulted nucleotide sequence was deposited in NCBI database with accession number MK335432. Investigation of physical and chemical properties showed that NIa protein is including 426 amino acids, 48.8 kD molecular weight and 8.81 PI. Prediction of secondary structure of NIa protein revealed that 53.29% of its structure composed of irregular loops, which was justified by the structural dirsorder of this protein. The results of the active site investigation of NIa protein based on homologous sequences alignment and three-dimensional structure of the protein showed a highly conserved site which was included of histidine, aspartic acid and cysteine amino acids.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Hamze Hamze; Ali Asghari; Seyed Abulghasem Mohammadi; Omid Sofalian; Soleyiman Mohammadi; Mojtaba Nouraein; Marouf Khalili
Abstract
In order to mapping additive and epistatic QTL and their interaction with environment for traits related to spike characteristics using a RILs population of wheat, comprising 148 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two winter wheat cultivars, ‘YecoraRojo’ and ‘No. 49’, was evaluated ...
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In order to mapping additive and epistatic QTL and their interaction with environment for traits related to spike characteristics using a RILs population of wheat, comprising 148 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two winter wheat cultivars, ‘YecoraRojo’ and ‘No. 49’, was evaluated in two locations in Iran (Miandoab and Mahabad) during 2014-2016. A linkage map including 177 microsatellite and 51 retrotransposon markers was used in this study. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were determined using QTL Network 2.0 software based on the CIM and mixed-linear method. In the present study, the highest broad (58.31%) and narrow-sense (29.15%) heritability was measured for spikelet number per spike and the lowest broad (51.28%) and narrow-sense (25.64%) heritability was detected for spike length. Results of QTL analysis showed that in normal condition, one QTL (R2A= 1.54%), one QTL×E (R2AE= 4.40%), 2 additive × additive epistatic effects (R2AA= 0.44- 0.4%) and 6 QTL × QTL×E interactions (R2AAE= 8.24-9.7%) were significant. In water deficit condition, 1 additive × additive interactions (R2AA= 4%) and 3 QTL × QTL × E interactions (R2AAE= 6.98%) were identified. In average of two conditions, two QTL (R2A= 0.78%), 1 QTL×E (R2AE= 5.15%), 10 additive × additive epistatic effects (R2AA= 0.02-7.9%) and 14 QTL × QTL × E interactions (R2AAE= 0.86-8.92%), were significant which can be due to the high number of QTLs with low effects and also environmental effects.
Proteomics
Mohammad Reza Naghavi; Marouf Khalili
Abstract
In order to investigate the mechanism of tolerance to salt stress in wheat, a factorial experiment basis of completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse media were conducted. The factors of this experiment were included salinity of sodium chloride in four levels of zero (control), ...
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In order to investigate the mechanism of tolerance to salt stress in wheat, a factorial experiment basis of completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse media were conducted. The factors of this experiment were included salinity of sodium chloride in four levels of zero (control), 100, 200 and 300 mM and two wheat cultivars namely Niknejhad and Pishtaz as a representative of tolerant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. Leaf samples were prepared two weeks after the starting of salt stress. Then, extraction of protein from leaf tissue was done and two-dimensional electrophoresis in control plants and under salt stress plants were carried out. The results of proteome analysis revealed that 15 replicated protein spots with different expression variations were common between two tolerant and susceptible cultivars, and five protein spots of unique to each tolerant and susceptible cultivar, had significantly expression variations under stress. Protein spots were detected by mass spectrometry and the results showed that more number from commonly detected proteins were classified in functional groups including antioxidant defense and Calvin cycle, while other proteins in each cultivar had more roles in antioxidant activity. Overall, the results showed that there was a significant difference between two cultivars in terms of morpho-physiological response to salt stress, and the Niknejhad cultivar showed a better protein response under stress.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Hooriyeh Masoudi; Hossein Sabouri; Fakhtak Taliey; Jabbar Alat Jafarby
Volume 7, Issue 18 , November 2017, , Pages 41-56
Abstract
In order to evaluation of genetic diversity and association analysis of morpho-phonological traits and mildew disease of wheat germplasm, 115 wheat genotypes were planted in the research field of Gonbad Kavous University as RCBD design with 3 replications in 2015-16. According to the results, there was ...
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In order to evaluation of genetic diversity and association analysis of morpho-phonological traits and mildew disease of wheat germplasm, 115 wheat genotypes were planted in the research field of Gonbad Kavous University as RCBD design with 3 replications in 2015-16. According to the results, there was a significant difference between all measured traits except grain length. In order to evaluation of molecular diversity in 60 wheat genotypes, 8 ISSR, IPBS and IRAP primers were used. Out of 61 bands produced in total, 47 bands were polymorph. The number of polymorphic bands was different range from 2 to 14 bands for each primer. The maximum percent of polymorphism with %100 polymorphism belonged to PRI-46 primer, and the minimum percent of polymorphism with %50 polymorphism belonged to PRI-59, PRI -10 and PRI-5 primers. In this study, also 60 genotypes and lines of wheat were evaluated in-vitro against Bgt. Cluster analysis of data of Powdery mildew caused was grouped lines in three groups of sensitive, resistance and median using UPGMA algorithm and Euclidian distance. Mean comparison using LSD indicated that lines 127 and 801 were high resistance but lines 390, 515 and 833 were susceptible to Bgt. Association analysis between markers and traits morpho-phenological showed that a total of 56 alleles showed a connection between the characters and PR50-6 allele associated most relevant to the characters. Based on results of this research, the higher genotypes could be screened for advanced wheat breeding steps.
Proteomics
Marouf Khalili; Mohammad Reza Naghavi
Volume 6, Issue 16 , March 2017, , Pages 31-44
Abstract
In this research, proteome analysis was done by two-dimensional electrophoresis and stainig by Commassie brilliant blue method for two cultivars of Kavir as tolerant and Bahar as susceptible was done. After of be quantitative spots with Same spot progenesis software, 10 common protein spots with significant ...
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In this research, proteome analysis was done by two-dimensional electrophoresis and stainig by Commassie brilliant blue method for two cultivars of Kavir as tolerant and Bahar as susceptible was done. After of be quantitative spots with Same spot progenesis software, 10 common protein spots with significant difference between control and drought stress conditions in the Kavir and Bahar was diagnosed. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry of common proteins, nine common protein spots were identified and the type of activity and mode of action of these proteins in the cells was determined. Based on the results, proteins involved in light reactions of photosynthesis (three protein spots Chlorophyll ab binding protein 8, chloroplastic, Cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, chloroplasti and Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP38, chloroplastic) and Calvin cycle (two protein spots include Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, chloroplastic and ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase small chain precursor) in both cultivars were the greatest functional groups and in other words, the most important common proteins for maintain of efficiency under drought stress were. Since these proteins in both tolerant and susceptible cultivars showed changes in expression, seems to be the most sensitive proteins in response to drought stress in wheat. In other words, these results show that it is important to maintain the efficiency of photosynthesis under drought stress.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Ashkboos Amini; Habibollah Gazvini; Reza Amirnia
Volume 6, Issue 16 , March 2017, , Pages 75-89
Abstract
In order to evaluate allelic diversity of microsatellite markers in QTL regions associated with salinity tolerance and to assess relatedness of these markers with yield performance of Iranian wheats under normal and salt stress conditions, twenty-five wheat genotypes (comprising tolerant and sensitive ...
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In order to evaluate allelic diversity of microsatellite markers in QTL regions associated with salinity tolerance and to assess relatedness of these markers with yield performance of Iranian wheats under normal and salt stress conditions, twenty-five wheat genotypes (comprising tolerant and sensitive Iranian landraces, commercial cultivars and breeding lines), were studied using 45 microsatellite primers. Results of yield mean comparison showed that there were significant differences among genotypes in both environmental conditions. Under stress conditions, genotypes no 25 (Pishtaz/Karchia) and 16 (Sissons/3/Alvd//Aldan/Ias58) had the highest and lowest grain yields, respectively. Based on grain yield mean under both stress and non-stress conditions as well as tolerance and susceptibility indices, the genotypes were classified into tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive groups. From 45 microsatellite primer pairs used, 27 markers were polymorphic. In total, these markers generated 95 alleles, from which 89 alleles were polymorphic, possessing 2-7 alleles with the average of 3.52 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.077 to 0.454 with the average of 0.258 and the Marker Index (MI) ranged from 0.151 to 1.19 with the average of 0.79 for different primers. Cluster analysis based on molecular data, could completely separate sensitive and tolerant genotypes and relatively was concordant with grouping of genotypes based on field results. Principal coordinate analysis (PCOA), mostly confirmed the results of cluster analysis. Results of molecular data demonstrated that SSR markers: gwm291, gpw345, wmc249, barc353.1, cfa2170.2, gwm339 and wmc326 had higher PIC & MI values and can be considered as suitable microsatellite markers to assess the genetic diversity among the wheat genotypes in salinity stress breeding programs.
Molecular Plant Breeding
farshad bakhtiar
Volume 6, Issue 15 , December 2016, , Pages 69-83
Abstract
Cereal rusts are the most important wheat diseases in Iran and worldwide. One of the most effective control measures of these diseases is deployment of resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was identification of stem rust resistance genes and pyramiding these genes in wheat cultivars Bahar ...
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Cereal rusts are the most important wheat diseases in Iran and worldwide. One of the most effective control measures of these diseases is deployment of resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was identification of stem rust resistance genes and pyramiding these genes in wheat cultivars Bahar and Pishtaz. For this purpose, initially the virulence of eighteen isolates of stem rust that had been collected from several parts of Iran was studied in cultivars/lines Bahar, Pishtaz, Eagle, AC Cadillac and Tr129. Results showed that cultivars AC Cadillac, Eagle, and Tr129 with Sr42, Sr26 and SrTr6A genes had good levels of resistance to all evaluated isolates. In order to transfer resistance genes to Bahar and Pishtaz cultivars, after initial and complementary crosses the F1 seedling resulted were evaluated for their resistance to stem rust and consequently the progeny of complementary crosses were screened for presence or absence of resistance genes using molecular markers. For Sr26 gene, primers Sr26#43 and BE518379; for Sr42 gene, primer STS (FSD-RSA); and for SrTr6A gene, primers GPW2295 and GPW4032 that showed polymorphism between parents were used to detect presence or absence of resistance genes. Using the seedling test in green house and also detection of molecular markers, it was found that for progeny of complementary crosses in cultivar Bahar transfer of resistance genes Sr26, Sr42 and SrTr6A have been successfully completed, and in Pishtaz based on distinctive ability of markers used, at least transfer of two genes of three genes in progenies was proved.
Microbial Biotechnology
Ali Reza Akbari; Shahrokh Gharanjik; Parisa Koobaz; Ebrahim Karimi; Akram Sadeghi
Volume 6, Issue 13 , May 2016, , Pages 57-68
Abstract
Soil microorganisms with potential for alleviation of salt stress in combination with plant growth promotion would be a promising approach in sustainable agriculture. In the present study, interaction of two varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Pishtaz and Zarrin and three salt tolerant ectoines ...
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Soil microorganisms with potential for alleviation of salt stress in combination with plant growth promotion would be a promising approach in sustainable agriculture. In the present study, interaction of two varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Pishtaz and Zarrin and three salt tolerant ectoines producing bacteria including S. Cellulosae, S. rimosus C-2012 and Streptomyces Strain S2 was undertaken in normal and salt conditions. Diversity and distribution of 16S rRNA gene of rhizospheric bacteria in soil inoculated with Streptomyces in salt and normal conditions were studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method. Results showed that bacterial cell free extract of all strains reduced root length but S2 and C-2012 increased plant dry weight related to control. Soil treatment with strain C-2012 increased Pishtaz root and shoot fresh and dry weight and Zarrin root fresh and dry weight in normal conditions. At salt conditions, plant growth promotion of C-2012 limited to increase Pishtaz root fresh and dry weight and Zarrin leaf area. Root extract of wheat plantlets increased C-2012 population (cfu) and decreased mycellial aggregation. The effect of Pishtaz root extract on bacterial cfu was more than Zarrin. Based on PCR-DGGE data, the diversity of 16S rRNA gene in rhizosphere changed when Streptomyces or salt was added to soil. PCR-DGGE profiles of 16S rRNA gene in rhizosphere of wheat varieties were also different. Our observations certify that beneficial role of salt tolerant Streptomyces for wheat growth promotion at normal or saline conditions is plant variety dependent.
Biotic and Abiotic stress
Sajjad Zare; Zahra Sadat Shobbar; Reza Fotovat
Volume 6, Issue 13 , May 2016, , Pages 69-77
Abstract
Defects in pollen carbohydrate metabolism plays an important role in inducing male sterility in wheat plants under drought stress. In order to examine the expression of four genes (Inv1, Inv3, Raftin a and AGP) involved in carbohydrate metabolism under drought condition in two contrasting cultivars, ...
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Defects in pollen carbohydrate metabolism plays an important role in inducing male sterility in wheat plants under drought stress. In order to examine the expression of four genes (Inv1, Inv3, Raftin a and AGP) involved in carbohydrate metabolism under drought condition in two contrasting cultivars, a factorial experiment was established via randomized complete block design. Cultivars (Dezful 10/ Shiraz) were selected as the first factor and drought at meiosis stage (control/stress) as the second factor. After preparation of anther samples at meiosis stage, expression of genes was analyzed through real-time PCR. Expression of Inv, Inv3 Raftin a and AGP genes under drought stress showed no significant change compared to well-watered (control) condition at drought sensitive cultivar (Shiraz) while they significantly increased at the tolerant one (Dezful 10), by 35, 22, 65 and 9.8 fold change respectively. On the other hand, the percentage of decrease in the fertile florets under drought stress in the tolerant cultivar was significantly less than the sensitive one. Based on the achieved results, the tolerance of Dezful 10 to drought stress can be partially due to the induction of starch accumulation related genes. Also, induction of these genes in sensitive cultivars may reduce their male sterility under drought stress, through compensating a normal level of starch accumulation at pollens.
Proteomics
Mohammad Reza Azimi; Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
Volume 4, Issue 7 , December 2015, , Pages 1-13
Abstract
Water shortage is one of the most important environmental factors in limiting plant production worldwide. Molecular breeding may help to develop drought tolerant plants. Proteomics approach can help in comprehensive analysis of stress responsive genes and identification of drought signaling pathways. ...
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Water shortage is one of the most important environmental factors in limiting plant production worldwide. Molecular breeding may help to develop drought tolerant plants. Proteomics approach can help in comprehensive analysis of stress responsive genes and identification of drought signaling pathways. These drought tolerance candidate genes or their regulatory genes may be further analyzed for their possible implication in increase plant tolerance to drought stress. In this studied we analyzed the changes in proteome of wheat flag leaf in response to drought. We compared a drought tolerant with drought susceptible genotypes under normal and stress well-watered and stress conditions. Stressed plants were exposed to 50% field capacity before anthesis. Out of 900 proteins analyzed across two dimensional gels, 57 protein spots showed significant differences in response to stress. Of these, 42 protein spots could be identified using mass spectrometry analysis. Differentially expressed proteins and enzymes could be grouped in different functional groups. Our results showed that tolerant genotype may use various mechanisms particularly the up-regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress defense in flag leaf. This may help the tolerant genotypes to better remove reactive oxygen species generate by stress in flag leaf and maintain its physiological and photosynthetic activities.
Microbial Biotechnology
Asrin Aghemiri; Rahim Mehrabi; Reza Talebi
Volume 5, Issue 11 , December 2015, , Pages 15-27
Abstract
The spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. The knowledge about genetic structure of fungal pathogens is important to design appropriate strategy to control the disease. In this study, a total of 46 samples were isolated, purified ...
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The spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. The knowledge about genetic structure of fungal pathogens is important to design appropriate strategy to control the disease. In this study, a total of 46 samples were isolated, purified and characterized from samples collected from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Pathogenicity tests showed that isolates were able to cause typical spot blotch symptoms on Bulani as the susceptible cultivar. Genetic diversity analysis of isolates using 17 ISSR and RAPD markers showed that out of 179 amplified bands, 98 were polymorphic. The average of amplified bands for each marker was 10.4, while the average of polymorphic bands was calculated 5.6 for each marker. The average PIC value was 0.32 ranging from the highest PIC value (0.41) for the ISSR marker, UBC874, to the lowest PIC value (0.18) for the RAPD marker, OPF2. Cluster analysis of banding pattern data showed that populations of this fungus had a high genetic diversity. Based on bootstrap analysis the isolates were differentiated with a high genetic distance to seven distinct groups. Highly distinct clusters belonging to different geographic regions revealed that there were high genetic differences between fungal populations indicating that fungal populations might be adapted to different climate regions.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Rahim Mehrabi; Mohsen Sarhangi; Elham Ala-Hassani; Habibolah Ghazvini; Farzad Afshari
Volume 4, Issue 7 , December 2015, , Pages 49-58
Abstract
Yellow, leaf and stem rusts are among the most devastating diseases of wheat in Iran and worldwide. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic approach to control these diseases. To date, a significant number of molecular markers linked to the resistance loci to these diseases ...
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Yellow, leaf and stem rusts are among the most devastating diseases of wheat in Iran and worldwide. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic approach to control these diseases. To date, a significant number of molecular markers linked to the resistance loci to these diseases have been identified. In this study, pre-released wheat lines of four major wheat climate zones of Iran were evaluated for the presence or absence of molecular markers linked to 11 resistance loci including Lr46/Yr29/Pm39, Lr34/Yr18/Pm38, Lr67/Yr46, Sr2/PBC, Sr24/Lr24, Sr26, Sr31/Yr9/Lr26, L21, Sr38/Yr17/Lr37, SrCad and Lr29. The results showed that Lr46/Yr29/Pm39, Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 and Lr67/Yr46 loci existed in four and five genotypes, respectively, while Sr31/Yr9/Lr26 and Sr38/Yr17/Lr37 loci existed only in one genotype. The remaining genotypes did not possess markers linked to resistance loci tested in this study. The results showed that the frequency of presence of these loci in pre-released lines is low and, thus, lines possessing the resistance loci should be incorporated in wheat breeding programs in order to increase the frequency of the resistance genes in new cultivars.
Plant Disease and Biotechnology
Farshad Bakhtiar; Ezatollah Farshadfar; Mostafa Aghaee Sarbarzeh; Habibollah Ghazvini; Farzad Afshari
Volume 5, Issue 10 , September 2015, , Pages 41-56
Abstract
In this research, 150 wheat doubled haploid lines were produced using chromosome elimination method by crossing between wheat and maize. Resistance of doubled haploid lines, their parents and check cultivars against strip and stem rust was evaluated at seedling and adult plant stages. Accordingly, eight ...
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In this research, 150 wheat doubled haploid lines were produced using chromosome elimination method by crossing between wheat and maize. Resistance of doubled haploid lines, their parents and check cultivars against strip and stem rust was evaluated at seedling and adult plant stages. Accordingly, eight known molecular markers which are tightly linked to resistance genes including Yr5, Sr31/Yr9/Lr26, Yr15, Sr38/Yr17/Lr37, Lr34/Yr18/Pm38, Yr27, Yr36 and Yr48 were screened in parents. Results showed that molecular markers for Yr5, Yr15, Yr27 and Yr36 couldn't detect polymorphism between parents as well as positive and negative controls. For gene block Sr38/Yr17/Lr37 and locus Yr48 allele sizes were not similar to those which were expected for these genes. Results also showed that MV17 and Flanders have gene block of Sr31/Yr9/Lr26, and only 3 lines of population DH-26: Ghods*3/MV17 had this gene block from which two doubled haploid lines showed resistance reaction to TTSTK and TTKSK of Puccinia graminis pers. f.sp tritici races. Genetic test for the presence or absence of gene block Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 on parents of doubled haploid lines showed that MV17 comprises this gene block. Evaluation of doubled haploid lines for this gene block showed that 6 doubled haploid lines of population DH-26:Ghods*3/MV17 have gene block Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 for which only one doubled haploid line showed resistance reaction to Puccinia striiformis Westend f.sp. tritici race of 7E158A+, Yr27 at both seedling and adult plant stages.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Marouf Khalili; Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
Volume 5, Issue 9 , June 2015, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Seed germination (capacity, time, and synchronization) is a manifest characteristic of the standard germination test of a cultivated variety. In order to identify genomic regions associated with seed germination, 149 bread wheat recombinant inbred lines and their parents RojoYecora and No. 49 were conducted ...
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Seed germination (capacity, time, and synchronization) is a manifest characteristic of the standard germination test of a cultivated variety. In order to identify genomic regions associated with seed germination, 149 bread wheat recombinant inbred lines and their parents RojoYecora and No. 49 were conducted in an alpha lattice design with two replications at the University of Mahabad during 2013-14, under normal and moisture stress conditions. Different traits including index of germination speed, final germination percentage, germination speed, germination rate, and average daily germination were measured. In this study, 340 pairs of microsatellite primers were used to determine the parental polymorphism. Furthermore, 7 retrotransposon-based markers on LTR regions of barely retrotransposons, and their twenty-eight combinations at IRAP technique, as well as, 63 combination of this primer with anchored ISSR primers at REMAP technique were used for population screening. QTL analysis using composite interval mapping (CIM) for each trait in each environment and mean of two environments were accomplished. For all studied traits, transgressive segregation was observed. In general, eleven QTLs were detected for all traits. Total phenotypic variance explained by these QTLs varied from 11.82 to 21.42 percent. The highest LOD value for QTL controlling germination speed (LOD =6.65) was obtained on chromosome 4BQSg-Normal. The results revealed that QTLs of index of germination rate and germination speed related to the quantity and quality of seed germination had desirable performance in all three environments. However, detected stable and cluster QTLs may be used in marker assisted selection (MAS) programs.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Mahdieh Safarzadeh; Reza Fotovat; Mohammadreza Azimi; Ehsan Mohsenifard; Behnam Bakhshi
Volume 4, Issue 6 , October 2014, , Pages 21-33
Abstract
Growth and metabolism of plants are affected by a variety of stimuli, including biotic and abiotic environmental stresses that could leads to responses of the plant through hormone regulation. miRNAs, are a group of Non-coding RNAs that some of them are involved in signaling of plant hormones. In this ...
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Growth and metabolism of plants are affected by a variety of stimuli, including biotic and abiotic environmental stresses that could leads to responses of the plant through hormone regulation. miRNAs, are a group of Non-coding RNAs that some of them are involved in signaling of plant hormones. In this study, the expression patterns of miR159a,b, miR160, miR167a,b and miR171a have been studied in both drought susceptible and drought tolerant varieties in wheat using qRT-PCR. miR159a,b, miR160, miR167a,b and miR171a could play important roles in MYB, ARF, ARF, and SCL, transcription factors regulation, respectively. High conservation among the studied miRNA families was observed in the mature miRNA producer regions by multiplex alignment of pre-miRNAs. Results of qRT-PCR analysis indicated that expressions of miR160 and miR167a,b in tolerant Variety and miR159a,b in susceptible Variety are increased significantly. However, no significant changes in expression were observed for miR171a in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. Presumably, up-regulation miR159a,b in susceptible variety could be resulted to reduction in the expression of MYB genes involved in drought response. On the other hand, up-regulation of miR160 and miR167a,b in tolerant variety, may lead to regulation of auxin and abscisic acid pathways interaction and probably these miRNAs could contribute in stress tolerance in tolerant variety. In addition, no significant change in miR171a expression demonstrated that expression of SCL could be regulated through other mechanisms in plant.
Tissue culture and Micropropagation
Bahareh Tayefe-Afshari; Mehran Enayati Shariat Panahi; Mojtaba Vahab-Zadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2012, , Pages 13-21
Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve induction of embryogenesis in bread wheat microspores. In this study, some F1 hybrids i.e M85-6 × 90, M85-8 × 90, mv17 × shiroudi, mv17 × kavir and kavir × bam were used. Microspores were cultured in A2 medium containing different ...
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The objective of this study was to improve induction of embryogenesis in bread wheat microspores. In this study, some F1 hybrids i.e M85-6 × 90, M85-8 × 90, mv17 × shiroudi, mv17 × kavir and kavir × bam were used. Microspores were cultured in A2 medium containing different amounts of maltose (60¬ & ¬90 ¬g/lit) depending on the genotype used. Analysis of variance for embryogenesis and regenerable embryos showed highly significant difference between hybrids but there was no significant difference between media (A2-60¬ &¬ A2-90) and interaction effects. M85-6 × 90, mv17 × Shiroudi and mv17 × kavir produced the highest ratio of embryogenesis among the hybrids. In regeneration phase, mv17 × Shiroudi and M85-6 × 90 had the highest frequency of regenerable embryos. The effect of 2,4-D as a novel stress for induction of microspores embryogenesis in Falat -known as the most responsive wheat cultivar to microspore culture technology, was investigated. Microspores were subjected to 2,4-D at 3 concentrations including 15, 25, 35 mg/l for 30 minutes while microspores without any stress treatment were used as the control. The embryogenesis of microspores stressed with 2,4-D were better than control. The highest yield of embryogenesis was produced at 15 mg/l 2,4-D. The most regenerated embryos were obtained in 15 & 25 mg/l of 2,4-D. According to the results obtained, 2,4-D is introduced as a new stress for induction of embryogenesis in microspores of wheat.
