با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن بیوتکنولوژی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

تنوع فنوتیپی موجود در بسیاری از صفات مهم در گیاهان تحت تأثیر چندین جایگاه ژنی، عوامل محیطی و اثرات متقابل این دو می‌باشد. نقشه‌یابی ارتباطی یکی از روش‌هایی است که در دهه‌های اخیر برای مطالعه ژنتیکی و تعیین تعداد مکانهای ژنی کنترل کننده صفات کمی پیشنهاد شده است. این روش برای اولین بار در ژنتیک انسانی و برای صفاتی کیفی (مانند بیماری‌های ژنتیکی) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت اما امروزه به دلیل پیشرفت‌های چشمگیر در تکنولوژی توالی‌یابی DNA، علاقمندی برای شناسایی ژن‌های جدید و بهبود روش‌های آماری استفاده از آن در جمعیت‌های گیاهی رو به افزایش است. نقشه‌یابی ارتباطی روشی هدفمند برای شناسایی ارتباط آماری بین آلل‌های نشانگری و صفات کمی بر اساس عدم تعادل لینکاژی است. برخلاف نقشه‌یابی لینکاژی، این روش با بهره‌گیری از تنوع موجود در جمعیت‌های طبیعی و لحاظ کردن تمامی وقایعی که در طول تکامل افراد رخ داده است، ارتباط بین تنوع فنوتیپی و چندشکلی موجود در ژنوم را شناسایی می‌کند و روشی امیدوارکننده برای غلبه بر محدودیت‌های نقشه‌یابی لینکاژی است. علی‌رغم اینکه نقشه‌یابی ارتباطی از توان آماری بالایی برخوردار است اما کاربرد این روش در جمعیت‌های دارای ساختار، در گونه‌های با میزان کم عدم تعادل لینکاژی و در صفاتی که توسط آلل‌های نادر کنترل می‌شود بسیار پیچیده و دشوار است. در این مقاله وضعیت کلی نقشه‌یابی ارتباطی، نحوه کاربرد آن در جمعیت و محدودیت‌های آن در گیاهان مورد بررسی قرار خواهد گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Association Mapping in Plants

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Ataei 1
  • Majid Gholamhoseini 1
  • Valiollah Mohammadi 2

1 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The phenotypic diversity of many important traits in plants is influenced by several loci, environmental factors and their interactions. Association mapping is one of the methods proposed in recent decades for genetic study and detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Association mapping was used in human genetics and qualitative traits (such as diseases), but recently its use is increasing in the plant science because of advances in high throughput genomic technologies, interests in identifying novel and superior alleles, and improvements in statistical methods. Association mapping through linkage disequilibrium analysis is a purposeful method for identifying marker alleles and quantitative traits association. Unlike linkage mapping, this method identifies the association between phenotypic and polymorphic diversity in the genome by exploiting the diversity of natural populations and taking into account all the events that occurred during the evolution and is a promising approach for overcoming the limitations of linkage mapping. Despite association mapping has high statistical power, the application of this method in structured populations, species with low level of linkage disequilibrium and in traits controlled by rare alleles is complicated and difficult. In this review, we will present a comprehensive view, its application in population, current status and limitation of association mapping in plant science

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Population structure
  • Linkage disequilibrium
  • Association mapping
  • QTL
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