Payame Noor UniversityCrop Biotechnology2252-078314220250117Evaluation of the effect of Iranian johenson grass mosaic virus infection on some morphological and phenological traits of twelve maize hybridsEvaluation of the effect of Iranian johenson grass mosaic virus infection on some morphological and phenological traits of twelve maize hybrids1171155310.30473/cb.2024.72778.1989FASaeedeAlvaniPh.D. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.SaeedNasrollanejadAssociate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.LeilaFahmidehAssociate Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.Journal Article20241113A B S T R A C T <br />
Corn (Zea mays) belongs to Poaceae family. In recent years, the cultivated area and its uses have increased rapidly in most countries of the world. The Iranian johenson grass mosaic virus is one of the most important potyviruses of cereals, and the most effective way to combat it is to use resistant cultivars. In the present study, the response of 12 corn hybrids to this virus was investigated using a randomized complete block design. The extract of infected plants was inoculated mechanically on the leaves of corn hybrids at the four-leaf stage. Indirect ELISA test and RT-PCR test were performed using specific primers in order to ensure infection of the samples using IJMV specific antibody. One month after inoculation, notes were taken of phonological and morphological characteristics and measurements of the severity and percentage of infection showed significant differences between treatments. The results of the indirect ELISA test showed that the inoculated samples reacted positively with the virus. After performing the RT-PCR test, the amplification of a fragment of 327 base pairs in the inoculated samples indicated the presence of IJMV. By examining all traits, especially the severity and percentage of infection and yield, the hybrids were categorized. So that hybrids No. 3 and 4 (KLM78023/35-1-1-1-1× MO17 and K47/2-2-1-4-1-1-1 x K18) were more susceptible to IJMV virus, but hybrids No. 5 and 12 (KSC 705 and K47/2-2-1-2-2-1-1-1× K18 (KSC715) were relatively resistant or tolerant to the virus. Therefore, they are recommended for use in future corn breeding work.A B S T R A C T <br />
Corn (Zea mays) belongs to Poaceae family. In recent years, the cultivated area and its uses have increased rapidly in most countries of the world. The Iranian johenson grass mosaic virus is one of the most important potyviruses of cereals, and the most effective way to combat it is to use resistant cultivars. In the present study, the response of 12 corn hybrids to this virus was investigated using a randomized complete block design. The extract of infected plants was inoculated mechanically on the leaves of corn hybrids at the four-leaf stage. Indirect ELISA test and RT-PCR test were performed using specific primers in order to ensure infection of the samples using IJMV specific antibody. One month after inoculation, notes were taken of phonological and morphological characteristics and measurements of the severity and percentage of infection showed significant differences between treatments. The results of the indirect ELISA test showed that the inoculated samples reacted positively with the virus. After performing the RT-PCR test, the amplification of a fragment of 327 base pairs in the inoculated samples indicated the presence of IJMV. By examining all traits, especially the severity and percentage of infection and yield, the hybrids were categorized. So that hybrids No. 3 and 4 (KLM78023/35-1-1-1-1× MO17 and K47/2-2-1-4-1-1-1 x K18) were more susceptible to IJMV virus, but hybrids No. 5 and 12 (KSC 705 and K47/2-2-1-2-2-1-1-1× K18 (KSC715) were relatively resistant or tolerant to the virus. Therefore, they are recommended for use in future corn breeding work.https://cropbiotech.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_11553_114c30d0338e4aaf81a418a685877d5d.pdfPayame Noor UniversityCrop Biotechnology2252-078314220241221Bioinformatics study of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene family in Camellia sinensis genomeBioinformatics study of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene family in Camellia sinensis genome19341131010.30473/cb.2024.71227.1967FANahidAzamiDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.AliAalamiDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.AminAbediDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.Journal Article20240508Tea is native to East Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and its leaves are used as one of the most popular drinks in the world. Environmental stresses are one of the most important factors affecting the quantity and quality of agricultural and garden crops, including tea. One of the prominent effects of environmental stresses on plants is the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a key antioxidant enzyme to inhibit ROS in plants. This study was conducted to identify, study the evolution, function of the APX gene family in tea. To identify APX homologous proteins in the tea genome, protein sequences of the APX family from several monocot and dicot plants were used. BlastP results identified 9 homologous sequences from the APX gene family on different tea scaffolds. Based on phylogenetic relationships, APX gene family proteins in tea and the studied plants, including Arabidopsis, rice, maize, and potato, were divided into four distinct evolutionary groups. Due to the relatively equal distribution of genes from monocot and dicot plants in phylogenetic groups, it seems that the evolution of these genes occurred from a common ancestral gene before the divergence of monocot and dicot plants. Investigation of the expression of APX homologous genes in different tissues and various environmental stresses showed that CsAPX1, CsAPX3, CsAPX4, CsAPX5, and CsAPX8 genes had moderate to high expression levels, indicating the importance and key role of these genes in different growth stages and various abiotic stresses in plants.Tea is native to East Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and its leaves are used as one of the most popular drinks in the world. Environmental stresses are one of the most important factors affecting the quantity and quality of agricultural and garden crops, including tea. One of the prominent effects of environmental stresses on plants is the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a key antioxidant enzyme to inhibit ROS in plants. This study was conducted to identify, study the evolution, function of the APX gene family in tea. To identify APX homologous proteins in the tea genome, protein sequences of the APX family from several monocot and dicot plants were used. BlastP results identified 9 homologous sequences from the APX gene family on different tea scaffolds. Based on phylogenetic relationships, APX gene family proteins in tea and the studied plants, including Arabidopsis, rice, maize, and potato, were divided into four distinct evolutionary groups. Due to the relatively equal distribution of genes from monocot and dicot plants in phylogenetic groups, it seems that the evolution of these genes occurred from a common ancestral gene before the divergence of monocot and dicot plants. Investigation of the expression of APX homologous genes in different tissues and various environmental stresses showed that CsAPX1, CsAPX3, CsAPX4, CsAPX5, and CsAPX8 genes had moderate to high expression levels, indicating the importance and key role of these genes in different growth stages and various abiotic stresses in plants.https://cropbiotech.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_11310_d1252955790d53607afc2a775f356a0f.pdfPayame Noor UniversityCrop Biotechnology2252-078314220250103Proteome analysis of root in wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Baran) under water deficit stressProteome analysis of root in wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Baran) under water deficit stress35491157210.30473/cb.2024.71391.1970FASaynaTorabyIndependent0009-0005-4796-6173MahmoudToorchiProf. of the Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranMozaffarRoostaeiDryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI)Journal Article20240521Cereals, especially wheat, is one of the most important food sources for humans. Approximately 55% of proteins, 15% of fats, 70% of glucosides, and generally 50-55% of calories consumed by human come from cereals. Water scarcity is an important limiting factor in wheat production in rainfed and irrigated farming can affect different traits. Therefore, adaptation of plants to drought stress is critical to increase production. Many factors such as genotype, growth stage, intensity and duration of stress, physiological growth stage, different patterns of gene expression and environmental factors can influence the response of plants to drought stress. Different methods have been used to study the expression of genes, and proteomic analysis has priority for the study of the final gene product. In this regard, the seeds of wheat cultivars were gown in plastic pots in a greenhouse and divided into two and root random groups one month after growing in which water deficit stress was imposed to half of the pot, randomly, by increment of irrigation internal. Twenty days after imposing stress, shoot and root length, shoot dry and wet weight, root volume and proline content were measured in both groups. Protein extraction was performed by phosphate buffer method and two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed by IEF in 1st dimension and SDS-PAGE in 2nd dimension. Proteomic analysis of root tissue by two-dimensional electrophoresis with Coomassie brilliant blue staining revealed 99 repeatable protein spots each gel. Among the identified protein spots, 15 spots were shown a significant change in expression under water deficit stress condition compared with the control, in such a way 13 spots increased expression and 2 spots with reduced expression. These spots were identified according to the isoelectric point and the molecular weight. These proteins based on functional groups were classified in starch synthesis, light respiration and metabolism, proteins involved in cell structure, stress response and defense, and various proteins. Proteins Peroxidase, Phosphoglycerate mutase, Triose phosphate-isomerase, Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, Glutathione S-transferase, Monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor, Cytosolic-3-phosphoglycerate kinase, Probable voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta, Serine hydroxy methyltransferase, late embryogenesis abundant protein D-29, β-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1 and other late embryogenesis abundant proteins were identified with increased changed expression under water deficit stress conditions indicating the importance of these proteins in reducing the effects of water deficit stress. The proteins S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase 3 and Germin-Like protein were shown reduced changed expression. The result of this research indicated that different groups of proteins interfering in reduction of destructive effects of water deficiency stress but the contribution of response / defense and metabolism proteins were more than the others.Cereals, especially wheat, is one of the most important food sources for humans. Approximately 55% of proteins, 15% of fats, 70% of glucosides, and generally 50-55% of calories consumed by human come from cereals. Water scarcity is an important limiting factor in wheat production in rainfed and irrigated farming can affect different traits. Therefore, adaptation of plants to drought stress is critical to increase production. Many factors such as genotype, growth stage, intensity and duration of stress, physiological growth stage, different patterns of gene expression and environmental factors can influence the response of plants to drought stress. Different methods have been used to study the expression of genes, and proteomic analysis has priority for the study of the final gene product. In this regard, the seeds of wheat cultivars were gown in plastic pots in a greenhouse and divided into two and root random groups one month after growing in which water deficit stress was imposed to half of the pot, randomly, by increment of irrigation internal. Twenty days after imposing stress, shoot and root length, shoot dry and wet weight, root volume and proline content were measured in both groups. Protein extraction was performed by phosphate buffer method and two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed by IEF in 1st dimension and SDS-PAGE in 2nd dimension. Proteomic analysis of root tissue by two-dimensional electrophoresis with Coomassie brilliant blue staining revealed 99 repeatable protein spots each gel. Among the identified protein spots, 15 spots were shown a significant change in expression under water deficit stress condition compared with the control, in such a way 13 spots increased expression and 2 spots with reduced expression. These spots were identified according to the isoelectric point and the molecular weight. These proteins based on functional groups were classified in starch synthesis, light respiration and metabolism, proteins involved in cell structure, stress response and defense, and various proteins. Proteins Peroxidase, Phosphoglycerate mutase, Triose phosphate-isomerase, Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, Glutathione S-transferase, Monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor, Cytosolic-3-phosphoglycerate kinase, Probable voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta, Serine hydroxy methyltransferase, late embryogenesis abundant protein D-29, β-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1 and other late embryogenesis abundant proteins were identified with increased changed expression under water deficit stress conditions indicating the importance of these proteins in reducing the effects of water deficit stress. The proteins S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase 3 and Germin-Like protein were shown reduced changed expression. The result of this research indicated that different groups of proteins interfering in reduction of destructive effects of water deficiency stress but the contribution of response / defense and metabolism proteins were more than the others.https://cropbiotech.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_11572_02fcf9197cc98712a57e5a4e29c179be.pdfPayame Noor UniversityCrop Biotechnology2252-078314220241221The effect of Azospirillum lipoferum, A. brasilense and Bacillus subtilis bacteria on biological control of Pythium ultimumThe effect of Azospirillum lipoferum, A. brasilense and Bacillus subtilis bacteria on biological control of Pythium ultimum51681157110.30473/cb.2024.70671.1960FARezaShirafkanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.SamiraShahbaziDepartment of Plant Pathology, Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Alborz, Iran.0000-0002-9923-7571Mohammad AliEbrahimiDepartment of Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
& Systems Biology Research Department, ABRII, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.HamidSobhanianDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payam e noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240302Growth-promoting bacteria or plant probiotics are an effective part of biocompatible and sustainable agriculture. In this study, changes in some vegetatative i and plant physiological indicators and the biocontrol of P. ultimum (damping-off disease agent) in Lettuce plants treated with two types of growth stimulating bacteria (A lipoferum and A. brasilense) and a biocontrol species (B. subtilis and two gamma irradiated mutant isolates 419 and 600) were investigated in greenhouse conditions in the form of a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The results showed bacterial treatments inthe all growth and physiological indicators, were significantly different from the control at the 5% level. In the P. ultimum inoculated treatments, the damping-off and diseases severity(DI) were significantly reduced as a result of the treatment with B. subtilis mutants obtained from gamma ray irradiation, but Azospirillium strains were not effective in biocontrol. The comparison of physiological inddexs in infected plants showed that peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase enzymes and proline increased and malonaldehyde decreased as a result of treatment with B. subtilis mutants. From the total results of this research, it can be concluded that the induction of mutation with gamma ray due to the improvement of antagonistic potential of B. subtilis ,leaded to increase the biological control activities of B. subtilis mutants without adverse effects on the growth and physiology of lettuce, so that the efficiency of these mutants in the biocontrol of pseudo-fungus P. ultimum and induction of physiological indicators of resistance in the lettuce plant is higher than that of Azosprilium efficiency.Growth-promoting bacteria or plant probiotics are an effective part of biocompatible and sustainable agriculture. In this study, changes in some vegetatative i and plant physiological indicators and the biocontrol of P. ultimum (damping-off disease agent) in Lettuce plants treated with two types of growth stimulating bacteria (A lipoferum and A. brasilense) and a biocontrol species (B. subtilis and two gamma irradiated mutant isolates 419 and 600) were investigated in greenhouse conditions in the form of a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The results showed bacterial treatments inthe all growth and physiological indicators, were significantly different from the control at the 5% level. In the P. ultimum inoculated treatments, the damping-off and diseases severity(DI) were significantly reduced as a result of the treatment with B. subtilis mutants obtained from gamma ray irradiation, but Azospirillium strains were not effective in biocontrol. The comparison of physiological inddexs in infected plants showed that peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase enzymes and proline increased and malonaldehyde decreased as a result of treatment with B. subtilis mutants. From the total results of this research, it can be concluded that the induction of mutation with gamma ray due to the improvement of antagonistic potential of B. subtilis ,leaded to increase the biological control activities of B. subtilis mutants without adverse effects on the growth and physiology of lettuce, so that the efficiency of these mutants in the biocontrol of pseudo-fungus P. ultimum and induction of physiological indicators of resistance in the lettuce plant is higher than that of Azosprilium efficiency.https://cropbiotech.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_11571_932a64b28fe0cf25a7a3314227fe9a78.pdfPayame Noor UniversityCrop Biotechnology2252-078314220250107Identification and expression analysis of genes involved in the ETI defense pathway in saffron corms infected with corm rot disease (Fusarium oxysporum)Identification and expression analysis of genes involved in the ETI defense pathway in saffron corms infected with corm rot disease (Fusarium oxysporum)69821157310.30473/cb.2025.72010.1981FANasrinHematpourM.Sc. Student, Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranFarhadNazarian-FirouzabadiProfessor, Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.0000-0002-8291-3887Seyed SajadSohrabiAssistant Professor, Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranMitraKhademiAssistant Professor, Production Engineering and Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranJournal Article20240809Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a perennial plant of the Iridaceae family, is predominantly cultivated in Iran. Despite its high economic value both domestically and globally as a precious spice, its cultivation faces substantial challenges from numerous pathogens which significantly impact both yield and quality. Resistance genes (R-genes) encode R-proteins that play a crucial role in activating plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes are a family of intracellular R-genes that confer resistance to plants by initiating Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI). In this study, an in silico study was conducted on the transcriptome of saffron corms infected with Fusarium oxysporum to identify NBS-LRR genes at 48 and 72 hours after inoculation using bioinformatics software and databases. Arabidopsis NBS-LRR gene sequences were used to identify NBS-LRR members in the saffron corm transcriptome. Then, the expression profile of NBS-LRR candidate genes was studied. Based on the results of BLASTX algorithms, 63326 transcripts were documented. The results of this study revealed the presence of 30 NBS-LRR gene transcripts in the transcriptome of saffron corms. The expression of the selected genes was significantly up-regulated in infected corms compared to healthy control corms. Furthermore, analysis of the selected NBS-LRR genes indicated that their expression levels were higher at 72 hours after inoculation compared to 48 hours. The LRR1 gene had a higher expression level than the LRR2 gene at 48 and 72-hours post-inoculation. Plus, the results of this study revealed that NBS-LRR genes are expressed in almost all saffron tissues, suggesting their involvement in the saffron's response to fungal infections. The findings of this study suggest that NBS-LRR genes hold significant potential for utilization in future saffron breeding programs. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a perennial plant of the Iridaceae family, is predominantly cultivated in Iran. Despite its high economic value both domestically and globally as a precious spice, its cultivation faces substantial challenges from numerous pathogens which significantly impact both yield and quality. Resistance genes (R-genes) encode R-proteins that play a crucial role in activating plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. Nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes are a family of intracellular R-genes that confer resistance to plants by initiating Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI). In this study, an in silico study was conducted on the transcriptome of saffron corms infected with Fusarium oxysporum to identify NBS-LRR genes at 48 and 72 hours after inoculation using bioinformatics software and databases. Arabidopsis NBS-LRR gene sequences were used to identify NBS-LRR members in the saffron corm transcriptome. Then, the expression profile of NBS-LRR candidate genes was studied. Based on the results of BLASTX algorithms, 63326 transcripts were documented. The results of this study revealed the presence of 30 NBS-LRR gene transcripts in the transcriptome of saffron corms. The expression of the selected genes was significantly up-regulated in infected corms compared to healthy control corms. Furthermore, analysis of the selected NBS-LRR genes indicated that their expression levels were higher at 72 hours after inoculation compared to 48 hours. The LRR1 gene had a higher expression level than the LRR2 gene at 48 and 72-hours post-inoculation. Plus, the results of this study revealed that NBS-LRR genes are expressed in almost all saffron tissues, suggesting their involvement in the saffron's response to fungal infections. The findings of this study suggest that NBS-LRR genes hold significant potential for utilization in future saffron breeding programs. https://cropbiotech.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_11573_b6d31f3b86000816ebed8e5e88eb104b.pdfPayame Noor UniversityCrop Biotechnology2252-078314220241223Proteome analysis of susceptible and resistant genotypes of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) in response to drought stressProteome analysis of susceptible and resistant genotypes of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) in response to drought stress83961150910.30473/cb.2024.71844.1975FAHoomanShirvaniDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran.AliMehrabiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.MohsenFarshadfarForests and Rangelands Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.HooshmandSafariForests and Rangelands Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.AliArminianDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran.FoadFatehiDepartment of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-3261-080XJournal Article20240725The wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) plays a crucial role in enhancing drought resistance in cultivated barley varieties. The genetic diversity of wild barley genotypes in Iran indicates their superiority in drought tolerance and agronomic traits. Proteomic studies help identify key pathways involved in plant stress responses and facilitate the development of drought-resistant cultivars. In this research, based on the grain yield data of 114 wild barley genotypes under both rainfed and irrigated conditions over two agricultural years (2019-2020 and 2020-2021) and using the STS index, drought-resistant and sensitive genotypes were identified. The experiment was conducted under two conditions: absence of drought stress and severe drought stress, with various genotypes examined. After seedling growth, drought stress was applied at the two-leaf stage, based on soil field capacity (FC), at two levels: 90-95% and 25-30% of field capacity. Following protein extraction, IPG strips with pH 3-10 and 13 cm in length were used for the first dimension, while 14% polyacrylamide gel was used for the second dimension. Results from two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that 224 protein spots were reproducible. In the drought-resistant genotype, 32 spots and in the sensitive genotype, 29 spots exhibited significant changes. The resistant genotype had 22 spots with increased expression and 10 with decreased expression, while the sensitive genotype had 16 spots with increased expression and 13 with decreased expression. Eight spots showed shared expression. These results indicate that various proteins are differentially expressed in response to drought stress in resistant and sensitive genotypes, highlighting the diverse strategies of plants in coping with environmental stresses.The wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) plays a crucial role in enhancing drought resistance in cultivated barley varieties. The genetic diversity of wild barley genotypes in Iran indicates their superiority in drought tolerance and agronomic traits. Proteomic studies help identify key pathways involved in plant stress responses and facilitate the development of drought-resistant cultivars. In this research, based on the grain yield data of 114 wild barley genotypes under both rainfed and irrigated conditions over two agricultural years (2019-2020 and 2020-2021) and using the STS index, drought-resistant and sensitive genotypes were identified. The experiment was conducted under two conditions: absence of drought stress and severe drought stress, with various genotypes examined. After seedling growth, drought stress was applied at the two-leaf stage, based on soil field capacity (FC), at two levels: 90-95% and 25-30% of field capacity. Following protein extraction, IPG strips with pH 3-10 and 13 cm in length were used for the first dimension, while 14% polyacrylamide gel was used for the second dimension. Results from two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that 224 protein spots were reproducible. In the drought-resistant genotype, 32 spots and in the sensitive genotype, 29 spots exhibited significant changes. The resistant genotype had 22 spots with increased expression and 10 with decreased expression, while the sensitive genotype had 16 spots with increased expression and 13 with decreased expression. Eight spots showed shared expression. These results indicate that various proteins are differentially expressed in response to drought stress in resistant and sensitive genotypes, highlighting the diverse strategies of plants in coping with environmental stresses.https://cropbiotech.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_11509_655fac222c8c264480051fa3d1146793.pdfPayame Noor UniversityCrop Biotechnology2252-078314220241221A review of plant genetic diversity analysis using PCR-based markers banding patternA review of plant genetic diversity analysis using PCR-based markers banding pattern971141190610.30473/cb.2024.71938.1980FAZahra SadatMousaviDepartment of Plant Production, Engineering, and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz,0009-0001-7239-5879FatemehNasernakhaeiDepartment of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of AhvazJournal Article20240804Genetic diversity is a crucial component of biodiversity, essential for preserving gene banks and enriching plant genetic resources. One way to assess genetic diversity is using band patterns (0 and 1) produced by PCR-based DNA markers (such as RAPD, SSR, ISSR, AFLP, SCoT etc.). After achieving reproducibility, the bands are selected, scored, and analyzed. The data is analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, including cluster and principal coordinate analysis. Genetic similarity or dissimilarity coefficients are used based on 0 and 1 data (for dominant and codominant markers), and allelic frequency coefficients (for codominant markers). Some algorithms such as UPGMA and Ward are employed to group the studied individuals and investigate their genetic relationships. Quantifying polymorphism and assessing genetic diversity within and between populations will depend on the type of marker (dominant and codominant) and reproduction mode. Parameters such as polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp), marker index (MI), polymorphic loci/marker ratio, heterozygosity (H)/gene diversity, allelic diversity (A), the effective number of alleles (Ae), Shannon's index (I), Wright’s F statistic (FIT, FST, FIS), Gst and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) are evaluated. Software tools (NTSYSpc, R, DARwin, PAST, Excel, PowerMarker, Popgen, and GenAlEx) can assist with grouping and estimating genetic diversity.Genetic diversity is a crucial component of biodiversity, essential for preserving gene banks and enriching plant genetic resources. One way to assess genetic diversity is using band patterns (0 and 1) produced by PCR-based DNA markers (such as RAPD, SSR, ISSR, AFLP, SCoT etc.). After achieving reproducibility, the bands are selected, scored, and analyzed. The data is analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, including cluster and principal coordinate analysis. Genetic similarity or dissimilarity coefficients are used based on 0 and 1 data (for dominant and codominant markers), and allelic frequency coefficients (for codominant markers). Some algorithms such as UPGMA and Ward are employed to group the studied individuals and investigate their genetic relationships. Quantifying polymorphism and assessing genetic diversity within and between populations will depend on the type of marker (dominant and codominant) and reproduction mode. Parameters such as polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp), marker index (MI), polymorphic loci/marker ratio, heterozygosity (H)/gene diversity, allelic diversity (A), the effective number of alleles (Ae), Shannon's index (I), Wright’s F statistic (FIT, FST, FIS), Gst and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) are evaluated. Software tools (NTSYSpc, R, DARwin, PAST, Excel, PowerMarker, Popgen, and GenAlEx) can assist with grouping and estimating genetic diversity.https://cropbiotech.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_11906_cdb9e3006679dd9f2a3aeef2fadd278e.pdf