Molecular Plant Breeding
Sina Ghanbari; Kianoosh Cheghamirza; leila zarei; Roghayeh Naseri; Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
Abstract
Among cereals, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is one of the most important protein and energy sources after bread wheat. It has a significant role in human nutrition in most countries. In this study, to identify and localization of QTLs controlling traits related to starch and Neutral ...
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Among cereals, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is one of the most important protein and energy sources after bread wheat. It has a significant role in human nutrition in most countries. In this study, to identify and localization of QTLs controlling traits related to starch and Neutral detergent fiber, 118 durum wheat recombinant inbred lines obtained from the cross between the local genotype of Iran-249 originated from the west of Iran and the local cultivar of Zardak from Kermanshah were evaluated in two environments (2014 and 2015) under rainfall conditions using randomized complete block design along with parents in three replications. QTL analysis for each trait was performed using the inclusive composite interval mapping method to identify genomic regions that significantly affected the studied traits. A total of six QTLs were identified for the two traits measured, grain starch content and neutral detergent fiber. Three QTLs were identified on chromosome 7A and one QTL on chromosome 4B for the grain starch content trait. For the neutral detergent fiber trait, one QTL was localization on chromosome 6B and one QTL on chromosome 7A. Identifying and localization QTLs controlling traits related to seed quality characteristics can provide an opportunity to improve these traits through marker-assisted selection. Also, these results can create a basis for identifying candidate genes and map-based cloning and confirming QTL function.
Biotic and Abiotic stress
Zohreh Hajibarat; Abbas Saidi; MohammadReza Ghaffari; Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
Abstract
Plants use a variety of strategies to cope with abiotic stress, depending on the species and the growth of the plant. Abiotic stresses such as drought is the most important stress that affects yield of agricultural products. In addition, drought stress is one of the main limiting factors in plant growth, ...
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Plants use a variety of strategies to cope with abiotic stress, depending on the species and the growth of the plant. Abiotic stresses such as drought is the most important stress that affects yield of agricultural products. In addition, drought stress is one of the main limiting factors in plant growth, it can also inhibit respiration, photosynthesis, and thus affects the growth and physiological metabolism of plants. Plants activate several mechanisms such as morphological and structural changes as well as the expression of drought-resistant genes, the synthesis of hormones and osmotic regulators to reduce drought stress. Drought accelerates grain leaf senescence, altering the expression of thousands of genes and ultimately affecting grain protein content and grain yield. However, the genotypic variability exists for drought induced disruption and tolerance in barley. In this review, the approaches can help for improving barley genotypes in response to drought stress through breeding and physiological traits, genetic engineering, and marker-assisted selection (MAS). We detected genes and proteins involved in response to drought-tolerance using proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches. Also, the introduced Quatitatives Traits Loci (QTLs) related to yield and Stay green and physiological traits found in this study can be used for MAS in barley improvement for drought tolerance in the future. In particular, comparative studies of genetically diverse germplasm exposed to adverse conditions such as drought provide valuable insights into plant responses to stress and create information on biochemical pathways involved in adaptation to environmental limitations. Proper evaluation of omics data can help the biomarker discovery.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Monireh Rahimi; Roham Eshghi; Farshad Ebrahimpour
Volume 3, Issue 5 , February 2013, , Pages 41-48
Abstract
Drought stress is a major constraint for barley production and yield stability in rainfed ecosystems. An advanced backcross breeding strategy was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with yield and yield components in a BC3 population derived from an interspecific cross between ...
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Drought stress is a major constraint for barley production and yield stability in rainfed ecosystems. An advanced backcross breeding strategy was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with yield and yield components in a BC3 population derived from an interspecific cross between six-rowed spring barley (H. vulgare) ‘Azhul’ and wild barley (H. spontaneum) line ‘Spontaneum I’, under drought stress. The linkage map constructed by 170 SSR molecular markers covered a total length of about 1008.7 cM. For ten agronomical characteristics, 27 QTLs were determined. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 5.7% to 34.8% and the LOD scores ranged between 3 and 12.4. A total of 12 new QTLs were identified, where at ten QTLs the exotic introgression caused an improved trait performance, under drought stress. Four QTLs contributed by ‘Spontaneum I’ on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H and 7H were found to significantly increase chlorophyll content, days to maturity, flag leaf length and number of tillers per spike, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Hordeum spontaneum, the wild progenitor of barley, is a potential source of useful genetic variation for barley breeding programs.
Molecular Plant Breeding
M Rahimi; F Ebrahimpour; R Eshghi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , January 2013, , Pages 35-48
Abstract
In this study, an F2:3 population derived from the cross between Hiberna and Pfyner was used to analyze the inheritance of yield and its components in barley by generation mean analysis and to map the corresponding QTLs (quantitative trait loci) by microsatellite markers. Generation mean analysis suggested ...
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In this study, an F2:3 population derived from the cross between Hiberna and Pfyner was used to analyze the inheritance of yield and its components in barley by generation mean analysis and to map the corresponding QTLs (quantitative trait loci) by microsatellite markers. Generation mean analysis suggested that both additive and dominance effects were important for most of the traits evaluated, but dominance and non-allelic interaction had a more pronounced effect for days to maturity, number of grains per spike, spike length and plant height. The highest heritability was obtained for number of tillers, indicating that this trait is controlled by additive effects. The additive effects played major role in the inheritance of grain yield per plant, since heritability of this trait was low. The linkage map constructed by 159 microsatellite markers covered a total length of about 1030.5 cM. Using the method of composite interval mapping 2, 4, 2, 4, 1, 4 and 7 QTLs were detected for days to maturity, number of tillers, 1000-grain weight, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike and grain yield, respectively. Ten QTLs had corresponding occurrences with the QTLs reported earlier, indicating that these QTLs are stable across genetic backgrounds. The results of this study also showed that, grain yield per plant controls with several minor genes.
