Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Leila Akbari; Mehdi Kakaei
Abstract
The most valuable products obtained from the (Peganum Harmala L.) are phenolic compounds and other biochemical contents, which widely is used in treating of many diseases. This study has been done with the goal of evaluating the effect of different habitats on some biochemical and physiological parameters ...
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The most valuable products obtained from the (Peganum Harmala L.) are phenolic compounds and other biochemical contents, which widely is used in treating of many diseases. This study has been done with the goal of evaluating the effect of different habitats on some biochemical and physiological parameters in pecan plant. First, the samples were identified and collected simultaneously in the four studied habitats. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the central laboratory of Razi University in 2023. The results showed that, traits has been showed, that there is a significant difference between the ecotypes and also the two leaf and seed samples in the characteristics of total chlorophyll content, soluble sugar, flavonoid and anthocyanin. The results showed that, there is a significant difference between the ecotype and the sample in chlorophyll b index. The difference between the samples is due to the type of ecotype and the effect of the environment. There is a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Phenol and flavonoid content showed significant negative correlation with total chlorophyll and positive and significant correlation with anthocyanin. Considering the content of biochemical compounds and the high content of phenols and flavonoids as antioxidant compounds in the studied samples, It can be said that ecotype number 2 of Musa Abad village of Hamedan province can be introduced to researchers as a suitable sample for further studies in the field of medicine.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Hamideh Khalaj; nassim zarinpanjeh; Mojtaba Askarizadeh; Hadi Kalantari Khalilabad; Javad Shahghaghi
Abstract
To investigate the effect of salt stress on the growth and phytochemical characteristics in the in vitro cultivation of Nitraria schoberi, an experiment was conducted in the form of a factorial design with a completely random basis. The treatments included different concentrations of sodium chloride ...
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To investigate the effect of salt stress on the growth and phytochemical characteristics in the in vitro cultivation of Nitraria schoberi, an experiment was conducted in the form of a factorial design with a completely random basis. The treatments included different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 50 and 100 mM) and sodium sulfate (0, 10 and 20 mM). First, the seeds were germinated in vitro and then the cotyledon leaves with the hypocotyl of germinated seeds were placed as explants in MS cultivation environment with 2 mg/L BAP, 0.5 mg/L IBA, and the mentioned treatments. The explants were placed in the growth room under the conditions of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness at a temperature of 25±2. After 4 weeks, stem length, number of leaves, and total phenol and flavonoids were measured. The results of variance analysis showed that different levels of salt have a significant effect (at the 99% level) on the growth indices of seedlings such as the length of the stem and the number of leaves, as well as on the total amount of phenol and flavonoid in the tissue of leaves. Based on comparisons, the maximum length of the stem (4.3 cm) and the number of leaves (5.5) related to the cultivation environment without salt and the highest amount of total phenol (35.37 mg/g) and flavonoid (24.6 mg/g) g/g) related to the cultivation environment containing 50 mM sodium chloride with 10 mM sodium sulfate.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Faeze Aibabaei; Forough Sanjarian; Nima Ahmadi
Abstract
In the current study, the effects of three levels of methyl jasmonate concentration were studied on the hairy root cultures of Origanum vulgare. For this purpose, A. rhizogenes strain A13 was used to create stable hairy root lines from shoot explants. In this regard, two co-cultivation media (MS and ...
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In the current study, the effects of three levels of methyl jasmonate concentration were studied on the hairy root cultures of Origanum vulgare. For this purpose, A. rhizogenes strain A13 was used to create stable hairy root lines from shoot explants. In this regard, two co-cultivation media (MS and modified MS), two inoculation times (5 and 10 min) as well two concentrations of acetosyringone (0 and 100 µM) were attentively studied. Propagated hairy roots were treated with different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 µM). Sampling after 24 and 96 h of methyl jasmonate application, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. Moreover, the gene expression level of OvDXR and OvTPS2, two important genes involved in the MEP pathway, were studied using real-time PCR technique. The highest transformation rate was observed in the explants cultured modified MS which were incubated in the bacterial suspension with acetosyringone for 10 minutes. The biomass of hairy root cultures was significantly decreased by methyl jasmonate compared to control samples. In addition, the results indicated that the concentration of methyl jasmonate, harvesting time, and their interactions significantly affected the activity of catalase, peroxidase, and SOD enzymes. The expression of OvDXR significantly increased after 24 h of treatment by 0.2 µM methyl jasmonate, while in the same sample, the expression of OvTPS2 decreased noticeably. The expression of OvDXR and OvTPS2 genes was significantly increased by 0.5 µM methyl jasmonate after 96 h. The application of methyl jasmonate as an efficient elicitor in hairy root culture system of O. vulgare is suggested for the production of valuable metabolites.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Hooshang Goharchini; Khadijeh Bagheri; Mohammad Reza Zamani
Abstract
Yew plant is the main source of Taxol drug production. Paclitaxol with the brand name Taxol is the main drug in the treatment of various cancers. This plant has a long dormancy and difficult germination and due to the, high demand and indiscriminate harvesting in some areas, there is a risk of extinction ...
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Yew plant is the main source of Taxol drug production. Paclitaxol with the brand name Taxol is the main drug in the treatment of various cancers. This plant has a long dormancy and difficult germination and due to the, high demand and indiscriminate harvesting in some areas, there is a risk of extinction of this very important plant. According to these conditions, it is necessary to use the biotechnology tools such as tissue culture and embryo culture to produce new seedlings for propagation and use them in other laboratory studies. In this research, first in the form of a completely randomized experiment design with 48 treatments and three repetitions, it was determined that the treatment of 21 days of keeping the seeds in water and growing them on ½ WPM. cultivation environments have the highest germination. In the next step, in order to shorten the germination time, the embryos were isolated in a sterile environment kept in sterile double distilled water on a refrigerated shaker for 5 days at a temperature of 4°C and cultured in two cultivation environments ½ WPM and ½ MS Variance analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between treatments in germination speed, so it can be concluded that young and fresh seedlings can be obtained in less time with this method.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Mona Faraji Heriss; Mohammad Reza Vaezi Kakhki; Nasrin Mollania; Mohammad Armin
Abstract
Abiotic stress and callus formation can increase total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to increase the amount of total phenol and antioxidant activity in Securigera securidaca L. and its calli by ultrasonic stress in vitro conditions. The plants were grown in the ...
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Abiotic stress and callus formation can increase total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to increase the amount of total phenol and antioxidant activity in Securigera securidaca L. and its calli by ultrasonic stress in vitro conditions. The plants were grown in the greenhouse. Callus formation was performed with MS culture medium containing α-naphthalene acetic acid (2.2 mg/L) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (8.8 mg/L). Ultrasonic stress was applied to the main plants for 10, 20 and 30 minutes in 15 days in vitro conditions; in addition, the ultrasonic stress was applied to the calli for 10 minutes at the same time. The samples were collected on the first, fifth, tenth and fifteenth days. The samples were then dried in an oven, then their ethanolic extract was prepared. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity tests were performed by Folin-Ciocalteu and Wu methods respectively on the leaves of the main plant and its calli. The results showed that the amount of total phenol in the 30 minutes on the first day of ultrasonic treatment is higher than the control. In all treatments, antioxidant activity was reduced compared to the control sample. The highest amount of phenol was observed in calli in ultrasonic stress treatment on the 15th day. Antioxidant activity was reduced in calli under ultrasonic stress compared to the control sample. Therefore, it can be concluded that ultrasonic stress in the samples of this experiment increased the amount of phenolic but did not affect the antioxidant activity. Callus formation and ultrasonic stress also increase total phenol content simultaneously.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Mahdieh Shojaee; Razieh Sarabadani
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural response of the body’s immune system to disease, protecting the body in the form of a defensive mechanism. The immune system identifies the damaged body cells, stimuli, and pathogens to trigger the healing process – a mechanism that can engage the body with inflammation. ...
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Inflammation is a natural response of the body’s immune system to disease, protecting the body in the form of a defensive mechanism. The immune system identifies the damaged body cells, stimuli, and pathogens to trigger the healing process – a mechanism that can engage the body with inflammation. In some cases, too long inflammation and excessive immune responses led to side effects and damages that dominate their benefits, leading to chronic inflammation and then engagement with different diseases. In the present research, effect of the broccoli sprouts extract on the expression of the NF-κB and STAT3 genes affecting the inflammatory response pathway of immune system was investigated. Results of gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and MTT assay confirmed the presence of the sulforaphane in the extract while rejecting their toxicity to cell lines. Moreover, the GAPDH and β-actin genes were used as internal control genes in the 1321N1 neural cell line, with the HFF cell line used as normal cell. The cells were treated with 2 mg of the extract for 3 days, during which time the changes in the immune system in terms of the genes expressions were monitored. The results showed that the sulforaphane attenuate the expressions of the NF-κB and STAT3 genes as two of the most important inflammatory mediating genes. It seems that the use of sulforaphane as active ingredient can effectively attenuate the cause of the disorders faced by the patients with immune system inflammation.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Hosein Honari; Ahad Hedayati; Zahra Moshiri; Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi; Afsaneh Manouchehri
Abstract
Saponaria officinalis is a perennial plant of the clove family. Hairy root culture system is a suitable alternative to improve the production of compounds with medicinal value. Extensive application of nanotechnology in hairy root culture is a suitable substrate for the production of active elements. ...
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Saponaria officinalis is a perennial plant of the clove family. Hairy root culture system is a suitable alternative to improve the production of compounds with medicinal value. Extensive application of nanotechnology in hairy root culture is a suitable substrate for the production of active elements. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 mg / l) and two exposure times (24 and 48 hours) on growth rate, antioxidant capacity, phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant enzymes activity, polyphenol compounds content and the amount of SO6 protein in soapy hairy roots were investigated. The highest and lowest fresh weight of hairy roots (3.09 and 0.96 g, respectively) were found in culture medium treated with 10 and 20 mg / l titanium dioxide nanoparticles at 48 and 24 hours of exposure time, respectively. The highest total Phenol (9.79 mg GAE per g FW) and flavonoid (1.06 mg Que per g FW) content were observed in hairy roots treated with 50 and 30 mg / l titanium dioxide nanoparticles at 24 and 48 hours of exposure time respectively. The highest amount of most polyphenols including rosmarinic acid, cinnamic acid and rutin were achieved during 24 hours of treatment. The highest levels of SO6 protein was obtained in hairy roots treated with 50 mg/l titanium dioxide nanoparticles after 48 hours. By laboratory optimization of hairy root production of soap plant, SO6 can be produced in fermenter.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Ali Ghanbari; Mohammadreza Azimi; Alireza Rafiei; Puria Biparva; Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
Abstract
Plant flavonoids show positive responses to geographical changes, especially altitude, and considering that the medicinal plant of capper (Capparis spinosa) is ecologically distributed in different habitats, so in this research the effect of altitude on the content of anti-cancer flavonoids such as rutin ...
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Plant flavonoids show positive responses to geographical changes, especially altitude, and considering that the medicinal plant of capper (Capparis spinosa) is ecologically distributed in different habitats, so in this research the effect of altitude on the content of anti-cancer flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin were studied in capper which sampled in summer from three mountainous areas of Amol (Nemarestaq, Delarestaq and Behrestaq) at four altitudes with difference heights of 150 meters from each other (minimum 850 and maximum 1650 meters) and with three replications in a completely randomized design. Total flavonoids, rutin and quercetin were measured and analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC. The results showed a significant difference between measured traits in different regions (p≤0.01 and p≤0.05), so that the highest amount of flavonoids, rutin and quercetin were obtained at an altitude of 1650 m in the third region (Behrestaq) with 4.51±17 μmol, 24.62±0.28 and 4.91±0.18 mg/g fresh weight, respectively. Therefore, zone and altitude had a positive effect on the amount of medicinal metabolites of capper. Also, the equation of regression lines and explanatory coefficients (r² = 0.91, r² = 0.74 and r² = 0.78) showed that the amount of flavonoids, rutin and quercetin at different altitudes in Nemarestaq, Delarestaq and Behrestaq increased with increasing altitude and the slope of the regression line for all traits was positive. Therefore, nature is the best model for obtaining more concentrated and desirable anti-cancer flavonoids in plants.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Mahnaz Arabibaf; Nadali Babaeian; Nadali Bagheri
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum is annual plant and dicotyldones of the fabaceae family. Root, leaf and seed have important medicinal compounds. Manipulation of cell culture media with elicitors is one of the important strategies for induction of secondary metabolism and production of valuable metabolites. ...
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Trigonella foenum-graecum is annual plant and dicotyldones of the fabaceae family. Root, leaf and seed have important medicinal compounds. Manipulation of cell culture media with elicitors is one of the important strategies for induction of secondary metabolism and production of valuable metabolites. Salicylic acid as a non-biological elicitor is effective in increasing the production of pharmaceutical metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on growth, some physiological and trigonelline production in in vitro culture of fenugreek. Fenugreek cell culture was obtained using cuticle extract of TN-47-155 fenugreek genotype in MS medium containing 0.35 mg / l TDZ and 0.05 mg / l IBA. Salicylic acid at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 mg / L were used. The cells were then treated with triglyceride and other physiological parameters after one week of treatment. The results of HPLC showed that cell growth and viability of the cells decreased as compared to the control. The amount of hydrogen peroxide and membrane lipid peroxidation in the cells increased compared to the control (without hormone) treatment. All treatments increased the production of TG and total phenol. Treatment of cells with 50 mg / l (75%) salicylic acid increased triglyceride levels twice as much as control (35%). Salicylic acid can be used as a stimulant in fenugreek cell culture and induces higher triglyceride production.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Mansoore Kermani; Bahare Karimi; Elham Azizi; Ali Masoumi
Volume 8, Issue 21 , June 2018, , Pages 47-57
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana bertoni is a natural sweetener that is sweeter than sugar; however it does not have any calorie and can be used for diabetic patients. The sweet taste of stevia is because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) accumulated in the leaves. Rebaudioside A-F and Stevioside are the main compounds ...
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Stevia rebaudiana bertoni is a natural sweetener that is sweeter than sugar; however it does not have any calorie and can be used for diabetic patients. The sweet taste of stevia is because of the steviol glycosides (SGs) accumulated in the leaves. Rebaudioside A-F and Stevioside are the main compounds of stevia. KO and UGT85C2 genes are two important genes involved in biosynthesis pathway of steviol and steviolmonoside that are precursors of other SGs. Due to the very low germination rate of stevia seeds, tissue culture is the fastest way for propagation of it. Therefore, optimizing the composition of the culture medium is necessary to increase of pharmaceutical ingredients in stevia. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of KH2PO4 (0, 4.25, 8.5, 17, 34 µM) on the expression of KO and UGT85C2 genes using semi- quantitative RT-PCR technique as well as soluble sugar content and antioxidant activity of stevia. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the treatments (p≤0.01) for all measured parameters. Mean comparison using LSD (p≤0.05) showed that UGT85C2 and KO genes possessed the highest expression level in 4.25 and 17 µM KH2PO4respectively. Also, the stevia showed the highest content of soluble sugars and antioxidant activity in 34 µM KH2PO4. According to our results it seems that total steviol glycosides increased after adding KH2PO4into the culture medium, but its effect on different glycosides was not the same and probably changed the ratio of different SGs in this plant.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Fatemeh Asadi; Sara Dezhsetan; Robab Ghahramanzadeh; Jabraeil Razmjou; Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
Volume 5, Issue 10 , September 2015, , Pages 31-40
Abstract
DNA barcoding is a simple way to identify species using a very short genetic sequence from a standard part of the genome. This technique used to identify eight medicinal plants collected from the Ardabil province. DNA extraction was performed by modified CTAB method and PCR was performed with primers ...
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DNA barcoding is a simple way to identify species using a very short genetic sequence from a standard part of the genome. This technique used to identify eight medicinal plants collected from the Ardabil province. DNA extraction was performed by modified CTAB method and PCR was performed with primers designed based on rbcL, trnH-psbA, matK Chloroplast barcodes and ITS nuclear barcode. Then, PCR products purified and sequenced. The percentage of amplification and sequencing success were assumed in samples respectively, 87 and 62, 75 and 37, 62 and 12, 75 and 37. The sequences were blasted with samples existed in NCBI database and Bioinformatics analyses were performed. In phylogenetic tree, the species belonging to the same genus were separated from other genus based on rbcL and trnH-psbA barcode sequences. Also, in ITS barcode only G. glabra organized with plants from same genus. In this study, barcoding of L. ledebourii with rbcL was done for the first time. SNPs were counted for barcodes of rbcL (less than 30), trnH-psbA (less than100), ITS (more than 200) and matK (less than 20). Thus, rbcL barcode due to high separation ability, low number of SNPs and universality in most species, was introduced as the best barcode. However, trnH-psbA and ITS barcodes due to related problem with direct sequencing of PCR products and lack of access to high quality sequences were identified as complementary barcodes. MatK barcode is not recommended for these samples because of the low ability of amplification and sequencing.
Medicinal plant Biotechnology
Sara Abdekhani; Mahmood Solouki; Yasub Shiri
Volume 4, Issue 8 , March 2015, , Pages 21-30
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a member of a Lamiaceae family with aroma compounds and high essence. Furthermore, the essential oils of basil leaves are composed of phenylpropanoids, which have shown antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Phenylalanine ammonia Lyase is an important enzyme in phenylpropanoid ...
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Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a member of a Lamiaceae family with aroma compounds and high essence. Furthermore, the essential oils of basil leaves are composed of phenylpropanoids, which have shown antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Phenylalanine ammonia Lyase is an important enzyme in phenylpropanoid pathway. The literature indicated that plant hormones affect gene expression in plants and increase the production of secondary metabolites. In addition, the hormones stimulate the immune system through transcriptional activation of defense related genes, and in turns, increase induced resistance of plants. In the current study, Real Time PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression and enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia. The plants were treated with three different hormones including gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid with 0.1 mM/L concentration. The activities were studied during three different plant growth stages which included seedlings, pre-flowering stage, and flowering stage. The difference between gene expressions levels were analyzed by Duncan method (P≤0.05) using SAS software (version 9.0). During the flowering stage, the results showed an increase in gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia Lyase in plants treated with jasmonic acid. The gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia Lyase was significantly higher (5%) for all treated samples compared to the control samples. The studied hormones increased the gene expression and enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia Lyase.
