1دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
2دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
3دانشیار و رئیس بخش کشت بافت پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)
4استادیار گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
5استادیار پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، کرج
چکیده
در این تحقیق، اثر تیمار سرمایی (4 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 1 الی 5 روز) در ترکیب با شوک گرمایی (30 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 1 الی 10 روز) و همچنین اثر کلشی‌سین (25 الی 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به مدت 24 الی 72 ساعت) بر القای تقسیمات اسپوروفیتی و تشکیل جنین در میکروسپورهای کشت شده دو رقم هیبرید گوجه فرنگی (برلینا و پتوپراید) بررسی شد. ساختارهای منتج از کشت میکروسپور با بیشتر از 10 هسته تنها در رقم برلینا و در کشت‌هایی مشاهده گردید که به مدت 1 و 2 روز تحت تیمار سرمایی 4 درجه سانتیگراد و سپس به مدت 2 روز در دمای 30 درجه قرار گرفتند. همچنین تیمار سرمایی به مدت 1 یا 2 روز و سپس 2 روز دمای 30 درجه به طور موثری موجب تشکیل ساختارهای میکروسپوری10-9 هسته‌ای در هر دو رقم گردید. میکروسپورهای با بیشتر از 5 هسته در هیچکدام از کشت‌هایی که به مدت 10 روز تحت تیمار دمایی 30 درجه قرار گرفتند بودند مشاهده نگردید. در رقم برلینا، ساختارهای میکروسپوری10-9 هسته‌ای در تیمار 25 میلی-گرم در لیتر کلشی‌سین به مدت 48 ساعت رویت شدند در حالیکه در رقم پتوپراید، در هیچکدام از تیمارها میکروسپورهای با بیشتر از 8 هسته تشکیل نگردید. رویان‌های کروی تنها در محیط کشت دو لایه و تیمار 4 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 2 و 5 روز و سپس 2 روز دمای 30 درجه تشکیل شدند. در صورت انتخاب دوره مناسب پیش تیمار گرمایی و سرمایی می‌توان رویان‌زایی را در میکروسپورهای گوجه فرنگی القا نمود.
1Ph.D. student, Faculty of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2Associate Professor, Faculty of Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
3researcher and head of Tisue culture and Gene transformation Dep.ABRII, AREEO
4Assistant Professor, Faculty of Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
51- Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj
چکیده [English]
In this study, the effect of cold treatment (4 °C for 1 to 5 days) in combination with heat shock (30 °C for 1 to 10 days) and also colchicine treatment (25 to 100 mg/l for 24 to 72 h) were assessed on induction of sporophytical divisions in isolated microspore culture in two hybrid tomato cultivars (‘Berlina’ and ‘Petoperide’). Microspore-derived structures with more than 10 nuclei were only observed in cv. ‘Berlina’ and in the cultures incubated for 1 or 2 days at 4 °C and then for 2 days at 30 °C. In addition, cold treatment for 1 or 2 days and then 2 days at 30 °C could efficiently induce formation of microspore-derived structures with 9-10 nuclei in both cultivars tested. No microspore with more than 5 nuclei was observed in the cultures treated at 30°C for 10 days. In the cv. ‘Berlina’, microspore-derived structures with 9-10 nuclei were detected when 25 mg/l colchicine was used for 48 h, while in cv. ‘Petoperide’, microspore-derived structures with more than 8 nuclei were not observed in all treatments tested. Globular embryos were only produced in two-layered culture medium when treated at 4°C for 2 and 5 days and then subjected to 30°C for 2 days. Microspore embryogenesis could be induced in tomato if appropriate duration of cold and heat treatment was selected.
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