با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن بیوتکنولوژی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی‌ارشد بیوتکنولوژی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح‌نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح‌نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

3 دانشجوی دکتری بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

چکیده

بسیاری از گیاهان سازگار با اقلیم‌های سرد تنها پس از یک دوره‌ی طولانی سرما گل می‌دهند که بهاره‌سازی نامیده می‌شود. در طول زندگی غلات زمستانه، گلدهی ناشی از بهاره‌سازی تنها یک قسمت از فرآیند تولیدمثلی نبوده بلکه یک مرحله نموی مهم است که می‌تواند از گیاه در مقابل تنش‌های محیطی محافظت بکند. این فرآیند در غلاتی مثل گندم زمستانه توسط ژن‌های بهاره‌سازی و عمدتا توسط ژن‌های VRN1 وVRN2 کنترل می‌شود. اگر چه مطالعات بسیاری بر روی بهاره‌سازی در گندم گزارش شده است، اما مکانیسم مولکولی بهاره‌سازی هنوز تا حد زیادی ناشناخته است. مطالعات اخیر نشان داده است که یک کلاس از RNAهای غیرکدکننده کوچک، microRNAها (miRNAs)، نقش مهمی را در گلدهی با مشارکت در مسیرهای شناخته‌شده گلدهی ایفا می‌کند. در مطالعه حاضر، miR319 و ژن هدف موردنظر آن، فاکتور رونویسی MYB3 تحت تیمارهای بهاره‌سازی در دو رقم گندم بهاره و زمستانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد بیان miR319 در طی بهاره‌سازی در هر دو رقم القا شد، اما مقدار بیان ژن miR319در رقم نورستار کاهش و در رقم بهاره‌ی باز افزایش داشت. هم چنین سطوح بیان ژن MYB3 در هر دو رقم تحت بهاره‌سازی کاهش یافت. رابطه معکوس بین بیان miR319 و ژن هدف MYB3 آن وجود داشت. این نتایج نشان دهنده پیچیدگی اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ و سطوح بیان miRNA و ژن هدف تحت تیمارهای متفاوت بهاره‌سازی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Regulation of miR319 and its target gene (MYB3) during vernalization in two wheat cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nooshin Ashoori 1
  • Reza Fotovat 2
  • Maryam Mortezaee 3
  • Nastaran Mehri 3

1 Former Student of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran.

3 Ph.D. candidate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Many plants adapted to cold climates flower only after an extended period of cold, namely vernalization. In the lifetime of a winter cereals, flowering due to vernalization is not only an essential part of the reproductive process but also a critical developmental stage that can be protect the plant against environmental stresses. This process in cereals such as winter wheat is mainly regulated by the VERNALIZATION genes, VRN1 and VRN2. Although many studies on vernalization in wheat have been reported, the molecular mechanism of vernalization is still largely unknown. Recent studies were shown that a class of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), plays a key role in flowering by integrating into the known flowering pathways. In the present study, we investigated the expression of miR319 and its target gene (MYB transcription factor) under the vernalization treatments in spring and winter wheat cultivars. Our results demonstrate that cold treatment induced the miR319 expression in both cultivars, but miR319 level is down-regulated in Norstar and up-regulated in the spring wheat cultivar Baz. Likewise, the expression levels of MYB3 gene was decreased in both cultivars exposed to vernalization. There was reverse relationship between expression of miR319 and its target gene MYB3. These results highlight the complex interactions between genotypes, miRNA and expression of target gene under different vernalization treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cereal plants
  • Flowering genes
  • MicroRNA
  • Transcription factor
  • Vernalization
Ben-Gera H, and Ori N (2012) Auxin and LANCEOLATE affect leaf shape in tomato via different developmental processes. Plant Signaling & Behavior 7(10): 1255-1257.
Bond DM, Dennis ES and Finnegan EJ (2011) The low temperature response pathways for cold acclimation and vernalization are independent. Plant, Cell & Environment 34(10): 1737-1748.
Chen C, Ridzon DA, Broomer AJ, Zhou Z, Lee DH, Nguyen JT, Barbisin M, Xu NL, Mahuvakar VR and Andersen MR (2005) Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem–loop RT–PCR. Nucleic Acids Research 33(20): e179-e179.
Chen R, Ni Z, Nie X, Qin Y, Dong G and Sun Q (2005) Isolation and characterization of genes encoding Myb transcription factor in wheat (Triticum aestivem L.). Plant Science 169(6): 1146-1154.
Covarrubias AA and Reyes JL (2010) Post‐transcriptional gene regulation of salinity and drought responses by plant microRNAs. Plant, Cell & Environment 33(4): 481-489.
Ding D, Zhang L, Wang H, Liu Z, Zhang Z and Zheng Y (2009) Differential expression of miRNAs in response to salt stress in maize roots. Annals of Botany 103(1): 29-38
Du H, Feng B-R, Yang S-S, Huang Y-B and Tang Y-X (2012) The R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Gene Family in Maize. PLOS ONE 7(6): e37463.
Fiona M, Roger K, John J and Frank G (2003) A role for HvGAMYB in anther development. The Plant Journal 33(3): 481-491.
Fowler D, Limin A, Wang S-Y and Ward R (1996) Relationship between low-temperature tolerance and vernalization response in wheat and rye. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76(1): 37-42.
Fowler DB, Breton G, Limin AE, Mahfoozi S and Sarhan F (2001) Photoperiod and temperature interactions regulate low-temperature-induced gene expression in barley. Plant Physiology 127(4): 1676-1681.
Hay R and Ellis R (1998). The control of flowering in wheat and barley: what recent advances in molecular genetics can reveal. Annals of Botany 82(5): 541-554.
Jones-Rhoades MW and Bartel DP (2004) Computational identification of plant microRNAs and their targets, including a stress-induced miRNA. Molecular Cell 14(6): 787-799.
Kim D-H, Doyle MR, Sung S and Amasino RM (2009) Vernalization: winter and the timing of flowering in plants. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental 25: 277-299.
King RW, Moritz T, Evans LT, Junttila O and Herlt AJ (2001) Long-day induction of flowering in Lolium temulentuminvolves sequential increases in specific gibberellins at the shoot apex. Plant Physiology 127(2): 624-632.
Knox AK, Dhillon T, Cheng H, Tondelli A, Pecchioni N and Stockinger EJ (2010) CBF gene copy number variation at Frost Resistance-2 is associated with levels of freezing tolerance in temperate-climate cereals. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 121(1): 21-35.
Koyama T, Mitsuda N, Seki M, Shinozaki K and Ohme-Takagi M (2010). TCP transcription factors regulate the activities of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 and miR164, as well as the auxin response, during differentiation of leaves in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 22(11): 3574-3588.
Kumar S, Sharma V, Chaudhary S, Tyagi A, Mishra P, Priyadarshini A and Singh A (2012) Genetics of flowering time in bread wheat Triticum aestivum: complementary interaction between vernalization-insensitive and photoperiod-insensitive mutations imparts very early flowering habit to spring wheat. Journal of Genetics 91(1): 33-47.
Laudencia-Chingcuanco D, Ganeshan S, You F, Fowler B, Chibbar R and Anderson O (2011) Genome-wide gene expression analysis supports a developmental model of low temperature tolerance gene regulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC genomics, 12: 299-299.
Limin, A. E. and Fowler, D. B. (2006). Low-temperature tolerance and genetic potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): response to photoperiod, vernalization, and plant development. Planta 224(2): 360-366.
Lin J-T and E Stafford A (1987). Comparison of the endogenous gibberellins in the shoots and roots of vernalized and non-vernalized chinese spring wheat seedlings. Phytochemistry 26(9): 2485-2488.
Liu H-H, Tian X, Li Y-J, Wu C-A and Zheng C-C (2008) Microarray-based analysis of stress-regulated microRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Rna 14(5): 836-843.
Mahfoozi S, Limin AE, Ahakpaz F and Fowler DB (2006) Phenological development and expression of freezing resistance in spring and winter wheat under field conditions in north-west Iran. Field Crops Research 97(2): 182-187.
Nag A, King S and Jack T (2009) miR319a targeting of TCP4 is critical for petal growth and development in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(52): 22534-22539.
Navaud O, Dabos P, Carnus E, Tremousaygue D and Hervé C (2007) TCP transcription factors predate the emergence of land plants. Journal of Molecular Evolution 65(1): 23-33.
Palatnik JF, Allen E, Wu X, Schommer C, Schwab R, Carrington JC and Weigel D (2003) Control of leaf morphogenesis by microRNAs. Nature 425(6955): 257-263.
Pearce S, Vanzetti LS and Dubcovsky J (2013) Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1. Plant Physiology 163: 1433-1445.
Pidal B, Yan L, Fu D, Zhang F, Tranquilli G and Dubcovsky J (2009) The CArG-box located upstream from the transcriptional start of wheat vernalization gene VRN1 is not necessary for the vernalization response. Journal of Heredity 100(3): 355-364.
Reinhart BJ, Weinstein EG, Rhoades MW, Bartel B and Bartel DP (2002) MicroRNAs in plants. Genes & Development 16(13): 1616-1626.
Rhoades MW, Reinhart BJ, Lim LP, Burge CB, Bartel B and Bartel DP (2002) Prediction of plant microRNA targets. Cell 110(4): 513-520.
Reyes JL and Chua NH (2007) ABA induction of miR159 controls transcript levels of two MYB factors during Arabidopsis seed germination. The Plant Journal 49(4): 592-606
Roy S (2016) Function of MYB domain transcription factors in abiotic stress and epigenetic control of stress response in plant genome. Plant Signaling & Behavior 11(1): e1117723.
Schommer C, Palatnik JF, Aggarwal P, Chételat A, Cubas P, Farmer EE, Nath U and Weigel D (2008a) Control of jasmonate biosynthesis and senescence by miR319 targets. PLoS Biol 6(9): e230.
Schommer C, Palatnik JF, Aggarwal P, Chételat A, Cubas P, Farmer EE, Nath U and Weigel D (2008b) Control of Jasmonate Biosynthesis and Senescence by miR319 Targets. PLOS Biology 6(9): e230.
Schwab R, Palatnik JF, Riester M, Schommer C, Schmid M and Weigel D (2005) Specific effects of microRNAs on the plant transcriptome. Developmental Cell 8(4): 517-527.
Sunkar R and Zhu J-K (2004) Novel and stress-regulated microRNAs and other small RNAs from Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 16(8): 2001-2019.
Thiebaut F, Rojas CA, Almeida KL, Grativol C, Domiciano GC, Lamb CRC, DE ALMEIDA ENGLER J, Hemerly AS and Ferreira PC (2012) Regulation of miR319 during cold stress in sugarcane. Plant, Cell & Environment 35(3): 502-512.
Trevaskis B, Hemming MN, Dennis ES and Peacock WJ (2007) The molecular basis of vernalization-induced flowering in cereals. Trends in Plant Science 12(8): 352-357.
Varkonyi-Gasic E, Wu R, Wood M, Walton EF and Hellens RP (2007) Protocol: a highly sensitive RT-PCR method for detection and quantification of microRNAs. Plant Methods 3: 12-12.
Voinnet O (2009) Origin, biogenesis, and activity of plant microRNAs. Cell 136(4): 669-687
Woodger FJ, Millar A, Murray F, Jacobsen JV and Gubler F (2003) The role of GAMYB transcription factors in GA-regulated gene expression. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 22(2): 176-184.
Zhang B, Jin Z and Xie D (2012) Global analysis of non‐coding small RNAs in Arabidopsis in response to jasmonate treatment by deep sequencing technology. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 54(2): 73-86.
Zhang J, Xu Y, Huan Q and Chong K (2009). Deep sequencing of Brachypodium small RNAs at the global genome level identifies microRNAs involved in cold stress response. BMC Genomics 10(1): 449.
Zhou L, Liu Y, Liu Z, Kong D, Duan M and Luo L (2010) Genome-wide identification and analysis of drought-responsive microRNAs in Oryza sativa. Journal of Experimental Botany 61(15): 4157-4168.
Zhu J-K (2008) Reconstituting plant miRNA biogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(29): 9851-9852.
Zhu J, Verslues PE, Zheng X, Lee B-H, Zhan X, Manabe Y, Sokolchik I, Zhu Y, Dong C-H and Zhu J-K (2005) HOS10 encodes an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor essential for cold acclimation in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102(28): 9966-9971.
Zimmermann P, Hirsch-Hoffmann M, Hennig L and Gruissem W (2004) GENEVESTIGATOR. Arabidopsis microarray database and analysis toolbox. Plant Physiology 136(1): 2621-2632.
Zografos BR and Sung S (2012) Vernalization-mediated chromatin changes. Journal of Experimental Botany 63(12): 4343-4348.