Biotic and Abiotic stress
Rasoul Khodaverdivand Keshtiban; Hassan Soltanloo; Seyedeh Sanaz Ramazanpour; Vahid Shariati
Abstract
Surveying the response and evaluating the salinity tolerance of wheat crop at the molecular level can be considered an important strategy in perception and comparing the defense mechanisms of wheat cultivars. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted at Gorgan university of agricultural ...
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Surveying the response and evaluating the salinity tolerance of wheat crop at the molecular level can be considered an important strategy in perception and comparing the defense mechanisms of wheat cultivars. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted at Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources based on a completely randomized design with three replications in which the experimental factors were included wheat crop cultivars (Sarc 6 as tolerant cultivar and Chinese spring as susceptible cultivar) and sampling time series (control or 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h after stress). In this experiment, salinity stress with a concentration of 250 mM of sodium chloride was applied to uniform 10-day seedlings in the two-leaf stage, and sampling of root and shoot tissues was performed. Then the amount of sodium and potassium ions and the relative expression of SOS1 and NHX1 genes were measured by the qPCR method in the following. The obtained results indicated that after applying salinity stress, the amount of Na+ in the shoot and root of both cultivars had raised trend with increasing sampling time. But about in the amount of K+, depending on the plant organ, the response of the two cultivars and the trend of variations were different. Also the results showed that the expression pattern of SOS1 and NHX1 genes in the shoot and root of both cultivars, did not have a regular trend. In general, it can be concluded that in the root of the Sarc 6 cultivar, faster and more accumulation of genes transcript was evident. This issue indicates that the essential role of these genes in the root for reducing sodium ion absorption and establishing ionic homeostasis.
Biotic and Abiotic stress
Narjes Fatahi; Hamid Sobhanian; Khadijeh Razavi; Tahmineh Lohrasebi; Gholamreza BakhshiKhaniki
Abstract
Environmental stresses have an irreversible effect on the production of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the most important crop plants. On the other hand, AP2/ERF members are the most important transcriptional regulators that influence plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. ...
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Environmental stresses have an irreversible effect on the production of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the most important crop plants. On the other hand, AP2/ERF members are the most important transcriptional regulators that influence plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. To evaluate the mechanism of salt stress tolerance in wheat the activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase in two tolerant wheat landraces (3623 and 3625) under salinity were investigated by completely randomized factorial experiment at control and 250 mM salinity in three replications. Seedlings were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h and 10 days after stress. The activity of enzymes was measured in the root and shoot of plants. The AP2-21 nucleotide sequence was extracted from the NCBI database and primers were designed and the gene fragment was isolated from wheat and then cloned and sequenced and confirmed by the presence of AP2 conserved domain. TaAP2-21 expression was evaluated by qPCR using specific primers and β-actin housekeeping genes. The results showed a significant difference in enzyme activity at different times compared to control in both tissues of both landraces and the highest was observed in short and medium-term stresses, however, apparently in long term stress the antioxidant mechanism of the enzymes is more active in 3623 than in 3625. Gene expression decreased significantly under salinity in both tissues. The TaAP2-21 gene is probably one of the inhibitors of the transcription of saline responsive genes and causes salt sensitivity in wheat.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Bahareh Ghasemi; Hossein Sabouri; Hossein Hossein Moghaddam; Abbas Biabani; Mohamad Javad Sheikhzadeh
Abstract
Genetic diversity is of great importance for breeding programs. In order to study the genetic diversity of 102 different rice genotypes based on seedling traits and molecular experiments, an experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The studied traits including ...
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Genetic diversity is of great importance for breeding programs. In order to study the genetic diversity of 102 different rice genotypes based on seedling traits and molecular experiments, an experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The studied traits including Plumule length, radicle length, length of the largest leaf, width of the largest leaf, number of root, fresh shoot weight, fresh weight of root and root volume, and dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root were measured. The average of the Polymorphic of information content (PIC) was estimated to be 0.2716, indicating RM1029 with the of least 0.175 and the RM216 with the highest of 0.435 (PIC). The results of Association analysis between microsatellite marker and seeding traits at normal condition indicated that the RM60B allele for root length, RM127A allele for root, RM231G allele for the fresh weight of the stem explained high percentage of variations. In saline condition, RM129H allele for stem length trait, RM12091 B allele for root attribute, RM263G allele for stem fresh weight, RM127C allele for width of largest leaf explained high percentage of phenotypic variations and were identified as important markers. The results of this experiment can be used in breeding programs.
Biotic and Abiotic stress
Ahmad Ali Shoushi Dezfuli1 Shoushi Dezfuli; Ahmad Kalantar ahmadi
Abstract
Salinity is one the major problems for production and increasing the area under cultivation around the world and Iran. Understanding of defense mechanisms and genes involved could improve tolerance to different stresses in crops by using some methods such as genetic manipulation. Regulation in the gene ...
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Salinity is one the major problems for production and increasing the area under cultivation around the world and Iran. Understanding of defense mechanisms and genes involved could improve tolerance to different stresses in crops by using some methods such as genetic manipulation. Regulation in the gene transcription phase is one the most methods to control stress in plants. Transcription factors thought binding with transcription elements in DNA promoters regulate genes expression which plays a key role in tolerance to salinity stress in plants. An experiment was conducted to evaluate four genes expression of transcription factors of MYB (MYB14 and MYB112) and WRKY (WRKY53 and WRKY70) in leaf and root tissue of Yazdi genotype (tolerant genotype to salinity) and Diabloverde (sensitive genotype to salinity) under salinity stress. The selection of these genes was based on the statistical analysis of the microarray data that was related to a study on the effect of salinity stress on Medicago truncatula. Short-term salinity stress caused a significant variation in the expression of these genes in leaf and root tissues of Yazdi and Diabloverde genotypes. Real-Time PCR analysis revealed that higher expression of transcription factors (MYB112 and MYB14) associated with more tolerance to salinity stress. This finding could be assisted plant breeders to apply these transcriptional factors to choose tolerant genotypes to salinity in alfalfa.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Sahar Faraji; Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemi-Petroudi; Hamid Najafi-Zarrini; Gholamali Ranjbar
Volume 7, Issue 20 , March 2018, , Pages 13-27
Abstract
Salinity is considered as a perilous environmental stress reducing crop yields, which makes the plant survive difficult via stopping the various mechanisms of it, eventually leading to death. Genes are the momentous factors in multiple physiological pathways regarding to their involvements in stress ...
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Salinity is considered as a perilous environmental stress reducing crop yields, which makes the plant survive difficult via stopping the various mechanisms of it, eventually leading to death. Genes are the momentous factors in multiple physiological pathways regarding to their involvements in stress responses. The gene encoding for Chromodomain Helicase DNA protein (PICKLE, PKL) is one of them, which regulates the other stress-responsive genes transcriptions under unfavorable conditions. Transcripts assay in halophyte Aeluropus littoralis, as a valuable genetic resource, will provide the inspiring information for sensitive crops improvement. Therefore, biochemical properties, functional domains, phylogenetic analysis and promoter cis-elements were investigated in this study, suggesting that this gene may play the critical roles in dealing with stimulus circumstances. Expression profiling of AlPKL in coping with salinity and recovery situations in A. littoralis shoot and root tissues through the qReal-Time PCR technique was also revealed high transcript magnitudes of this gene. Hence, further studies on PKL genes in multiple plant species can provide precious information for better understanding of stress endurance mechanisms.
Bioinformatics
Mohammad Amin Baghery; Hamid Najafi Zarini
Volume 5, Issue 11 , December 2015, , Pages 38-49
Abstract
Identification and quantification of proteins and genes that expressed in the salinity stress conditions could lead to better understanding of the response mechanisms. So, in this study iTRAQ comparative proteomic method was used to investigate the protein changes and quantification of them under salinity ...
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Identification and quantification of proteins and genes that expressed in the salinity stress conditions could lead to better understanding of the response mechanisms. So, in this study iTRAQ comparative proteomic method was used to investigate the protein changes and quantification of them under salinity stress. Then, more studies about the function of identified genes were done using gene expression and co-expression data obtained from databases and analysis of related sequences. According to the results of iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS a set of proteins including P5CS1, KIN1, KIN2, ERD10, ERD14 and COR47 were identified. Results showed that expressions of the related genes were not just restricted to salinity stress. They were also involved in other osmotic stresses. Gene network based on identified proteins was evaluated by String software. Based on the results, during the expression of these genes, protective compounds such as compatible solutes, dehydrin proteins and etc. were produced in the cells. Presence of the compounds led to induction of resistance and tolerance mechanisms in plants against osmotic stress such as salinity.
Biotic and Abiotic stress
Seyyedeh farzaneh Fatemi ardestani; Ghorbanali Nematzadeh; Hossein Askari; Hamidreza Hashemi
Volume 4, Issue 6 , October 2014, , Pages 73-83
Abstract
Soil salinity limits crop production by creating osmotic stress and disruption of ion homeostasis, leads to damage at the molecular level and finally cell death. In this study, gene expression analysis based on cDNA-AFLP technique was used to compare the expression profiles of KCl stress at three levels: ...
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Soil salinity limits crop production by creating osmotic stress and disruption of ion homeostasis, leads to damage at the molecular level and finally cell death. In this study, gene expression analysis based on cDNA-AFLP technique was used to compare the expression profiles of KCl stress at three levels: 0 (control), 200mM and 400mM, in Aeluropus littoralis which is the closest family to cereal. Among 34 isolated ESTs, 27 ESTs were obtained with the average length of 280 bp. The nucleotide sequences were compared with those in the GenBank database. Approximately 80% of the ESTs show homology to nucleotide or amino acid sequences in the GenBank database and 6 ESTs show no significant similarity in the GenBank database which considered as novel genes. Finally, 27 ESTs were recorded in NCBI database which are included potassium transporter, ribosomal protein, NADH dehydrogenase and golgin. The result of this research is very important to understand molecular basis and resistance mechanisms of drought stress for breeding and genetic engineering to improve crop resistance against stress and the production of resistant plants. EST classification based on responses to stress, will facilitate performance analysis, characterization of responsive genes in plant roots of Aeluropus littoralis to stress in future studies on this herb that is a member of the Poaceae family.
Molecular Plant Breeding
Ahmadreza Masomi; Hossein Askari; Abbas Saeidi; Masood Soltani-Najafabadi
Volume 3, Issue 5 , February 2013, , Pages 139-146
Abstract
Soil and water salinity is one of the limiting factors for rice cultivation in the worldwide. Among crops, rice is very sensitive to salinity but the sensitivity is higher at the seedling and heading stages. Study of gene expression patterns besides away of cellular proteins function, could be useful ...
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Soil and water salinity is one of the limiting factors for rice cultivation in the worldwide. Among crops, rice is very sensitive to salinity but the sensitivity is higher at the seedling and heading stages. Study of gene expression patterns besides away of cellular proteins function, could be useful to create of resistance plants to stress such as salinity. In this study, expression of the Coumaroyl coenzyme A -3hydroxylase (C3H) gene and physiological processes was surveyed under salinity stress in Oryza sativa cv. IR65192-4B cultivar, by Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in three replicates and qRT-PCR technique. Physiological results showed that, salinity stress reduced root length in 100mM but not significant in 0 and 50 mM NaCl. In addition, reduction of root dry weight was significant under salinity. On the other hand, data analysis of C3H gene expression shown, expression altered in differentages of the rice roots under one level of NaCl, and also, is variable in one age but in different of NaCl concentrations. Weak gene performance in one branch can lead the loss of other branches efficiency. Therefore, this point must be consider to create of salt resistance plant because can play a major role in overall resistance.
Proteomics
Ghasem Hosseini Salkade; Davood Nasr Abadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2012, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
Rice is an excellent model cereal for molecular biology and genetics research. Salinity is a major factor limiting rice production world wide. The analysis of stress-responsiveness in plants is an important route to the discovery of genes conferring stress tolerance and their use in breeding programs. ...
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Rice is an excellent model cereal for molecular biology and genetics research. Salinity is a major factor limiting rice production world wide. The analysis of stress-responsiveness in plants is an important route to the discovery of genes conferring stress tolerance and their use in breeding programs. To further understand the mechanism of plant response to salinity we employed a proteomic approach to profile the protein changes of rice 3th leaf and root under salt stress. Plants were grown in Yoshida nutrient solution and salt stress imposed after 25 days. Plants were treated by 100¬mM NaCl for 10. After that 3th leaves and total root were collected from control and salt stressed plants. The Na+ and K+ content of leaves/roots and several yield components changed significantly in response to short-term salt stress and their proteome patterns were analyzed using 2-DE in triplicates. The expression pattern of proteins significantly changed in all leaves/roots in response to stress. More than 488 and 345 protein were detected repeatedly in root and leaf 2Dgels respectively by software package. 107 proteins in root and 86 proteins in leaf of two genotypes showed significant response to stress. 3 protein in leaf gels and 2 protein in root gels were selected and identified by ESI-Q-TOF. The most important were Ferritin, Rubisco activase and ascorbat¬peroxidase in leaf and Peroxidase and Ascorbat¬peroxidase in root. All of them were enzyme and involved in detoxification and removal of reactive oxygen species (peroxidase, ascorbat¬peroxidase) Iron homeostasis (ferritin) or activation of other enzymes (rubisco¬activase).
