Comparing the role of inoculating C3 and C4 cereal seeds with Streptomyces growth-promoting bacteria in increasing yield and plant defense power under environmental stresses

Document Type : Review

Authors

1 scientific member of ABRII

2 Azad University graduated

Abstract

Climate change is a major challenge with widespread impacts including biotic and abiotic stresses. Increasing temperatures, decreasing precipitation, and drought exert pressure on water resources, soil, and vegetation, leading to reduced yields, especially in two group cereals. It is crucial to utilize novel strategies to mitigate these impacts, especially yield reduction. One of these strategies is the use of biological growth promoters such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) such as Streptomyces spp. These bacteria enhance plant growth and resistance through direct and indirect mechanisms. C3 and C4 cereals respond to growth-promoting bacteria in a similar manner despite different photosynthetic mechanisms. Inoculation with Streptomyces modulates the plant’s physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes, resulting in improved water and nutrient uptake, increased growth and yield, enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes, and accumulation of osmolytes. It also modulates the expression of genes related to growth hormones and specific plant metabolites. The role of growth-promoting strains of Streptomyces in conditions of abiotic stresses (drought and salinity) and biotic stresses (pests and diseases) by antioxidant enzymes production, the secretion of antimicrobial compounds such as antibiotics and siderophores, activation of plant defense pathways and the production of secondary metabolites including volatile organic compounds, phytohormones such as Indole Acetic Acid improve plant growth and protect against environmental stresses. Investigation of these mechanisms in two groups of C3 and C4 cereals cereal will provide a deeper understanding of the role of Streptomyces in ensuring food security and its use as a beneficial growth promoter

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