In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Biotechnology Society

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Salinity, predominantly NaCl, limits plant growth and impairs agricultural productivity. In ‎higher plants, Na+ efflux and compartmentalization are achieved by Na+/H+ antiporters ‎located in both the plasma and vacuolar membranes. Here we investigated the expression ‎pattern of the genes AlNHX and AlSOS1 under 250 mM NaCl treatment after 6h and 1, 3, 8 ‎and 17 days time intervals by Real Time-PCR technique. The transcript levels of AlNHX and ‎al AlSOS1 were up-regulated by salt stress in all tissues. The AlSOS1 expression remarkably ‎increased in leaves after 6 h and the AlNHX transcript abundance reached to the maximum ‎level after 24 h. In node and internode tissues the transcript levels of AlNHX and AlSOS1 ‎increased sharply 24 h after salt treatment and then gradually decreased within 3 and 8 days ‎and finally after 17 days reached to a steady-state in which the mRNA content was similar to ‎that of control plants. The transcript abundance of both genes in roots slightly increased Upon ‎salt treatment and after 3 days reached to their maximum levels and this expression continued ‎until 8 days and then decreased to a basal expression similar to control for AlNHX gene but in ‎AlSOS1 decreased to reach a new steady-state in which the mRNA content was about 2-fold ‎that of control plants.‎

Keywords

Main Subjects

 
 
Barkla BJ, Blumwald E (1991) Identification of a 170-kDa protein associated with the vacuolar Na/Hantiport of Beta vulgaris. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88: 11177-11181.
Blumwald E (2000) Sodium transport and salt tolerance in plants.Curr.Opin. Cell Biol. 12: 431-434.
Flowers TJ, Yeo AR (1995) Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants, where next? Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22: 875–884.
Fukuda A, Nakamura A, Tanaka Y (1999) Molecular cloning and expression of the Na+/H+exchanger gene in Oryza sativa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1446: 149–155.
Garciadebla B, RosariH,Benito B (2007) Cloning of two SOS1 transporters from the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. SOS1 transporters from Cymodocea and Arabidopsis mediate potassium uptake in bacteria. Plant Mol. Biol. 63: 479–490
Gaxiola RA, Rao R, Sherman A, Grisafi P, Alper SL, Fink GR (1999) The Arabidopsis thaliana proton transporters, AtNhx1 and Avp1, can function in cation detoxification in yeast.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 1480-1485.
Glenn E, Brown JJ, Blumwald E (1999) Salt-tolerant mechanism and crop potential of halophytes. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 18: 227-255.
Gulzar S, Khan MA, Ungar IA (2003) Effects of salinity on growth, ionic content and plant-water status of Aeluropus lagopoides. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 34: 1657-1668.
Hamada A, Shono M, Xia T, Ohta M, Hayashi Y, Tanaka A, Hayakawa T (2001) Isolation and characterization of a Na+/H+antiporter gene from the halophyte Atriplex gmelini. Plant Mol Biol.  46: 35-42.
Li MY, Liu YJ (1994) Halophytes of Yellow River Delta in north Shandong Province of China. J. Qufu. Normal Univ. 125-133.
Martinez-Atienza J, Jiang XY, Garciadeblas B, Mendoza I, Zhu J K, Pardo JM, Quintero FJ (2007) Conservation of the salt overly sensitive pathway in rice. Plant Physiol 143:1001–1012.
Maughan PJ, Turner TB, Coleman CE,Elzinga DB, Jellen EN, Morales JA, Udall JA, Fairbanks D J Bonifacio A (2009) Characterization of Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1)gene homoeologs in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Genome .52: 647–657.
Niu X, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM, Pardo J M (1995) Ion homeostasis in NaCl stressenvironments. Plant Physiol. 109:735–742.
Oh DH, Gong Q, Ulanov A, Zhang Q, Li Y, Ma W, Yun DJ, Bressan RA Bohnert HJ (2007) Sodium Stress in the Halophyte Thellungiella halophila and Transcriptional Changes in a thsos1-RNA Interference Line. J. Integr. Plant. Biol. 49: 1484–1496.
Pardo JM, Rubio F (2011) Na+ and K+ Transporters in Plant Signaling. Signaling and Communication in Plants. 7: 65-98.
Qiu QS, Guo Y, Dietrich MA, Schumaker KS, Zhu JK (2002) Regulation of SOS1, a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger in Arabidopsis thaliana, by SOS2 and SOS3. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA. 99: 8436–8441.
Shi H, Ishitani M, Kim C, Zhu JK (2000) The Arabidopsis thaliana salt tolerance gene SOS1encodes a putative Na+/H+ antiporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97: 6896–6901.
Takahashia R, Liub S, Takano T (2009) Isolation and characterization of plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter genes from salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant reed plants, J Plant Physiol. 166: 301-309.
Tester M, Davenport R (2003). Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants. Ann. Bot. 91:503–527.
Wang R Z (2004) Plant functional types and their ecological responses to salinization in saline grasslands, Northeastern China. Photosynthetica 42: 511–519.
Wang X, Yang R, Wang B, Liu G, Yang C,Cheng Y (2010) Functional characterization of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter from alkali grass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) Mol. Biol. Rep. 38:4813–4822.
Wu Y, Ding N,Zhao X,Zhao M, Chang Z, Liu J, Zhang L (2007) Molecular characterization of PeSOS1: the putative Na+/H+ antiporter of Populus euphratica. Plant Mol. Biol. 65:1–11.
Xu H, Jiang X, Zhan K, Cheng X, Chen X, Xue ZY, Zhi DY, Xue GP, Zhao YX, Xia GM (2004) Enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) expressing a vacuolar Na+/H+antiporter gene with improved grain yield in saline soils in the field and a reduced level of leaf Na+‏. Plant Sci. 167: 849-859.
Xu H, Jiang X, Zhan K, Cheng X, Chen X, Pardo JM, Cui D (2008)Functional characterization of a wheat plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter in yeast. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 473:8-15.
Yamaguchi T, Apse MP, Shi H, Blumwald E (2003) Topological analysis of a plant vacuolar Na+/H+‏ antiporter reveals a luminal C terminus that regulates antiporter cation selectivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100:12510-12515.
Zhang HX, Blumwald E (2001) Transgenic salt-tolerant tomato plants accumulate salt in foliage but not in fruit. Nat. Biotechnol. 19:765-768.
Zhang GH, Su Q, An LJ, Wu S (2008) Characterization and expression of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene from the monocot halophyte Aeluropus littoralis. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 46: 117-126.
Zhou GA, Jiang Y, Yang Q,Wang JF,Huang JI, Zhang HS (2006) Isolation and characterization of a new Na+/H+ antiporter gene OsNHA1 from rice (Oryza sativa L.). DNA Seq. 17: 24–30.
Zouari N, Ben Saad R, Legavre Th, Azaza J, Sabau X, Jaoua M, Masmoudi K, Hassairi A (2007) Identification and sequencing of ESTs from the halophyte grass Aeluropus littoralis. Gene.  404: 61–69.
Zhu JK (2001) Plant salt tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 6: 66–71.
Zhu JK (2003) Regulation of ion homeostasis under salt stress. Curr. Opin.  Plant Biol. 6: 441-445.