Research Paper
Tissue culture and Micropropagation
Pegah Moradi Dezfouli; Mohammad Sedghi; Mehran Enayati Shariatpanahi; Bahram Alizade
Volume 7, Issue 18 , November 2017, Pages 1-14
Abstract
In this research, Hayola F1 hybrids were used to produce rapeseed doubled haploid lines using microspore embryogenesis. To study general combining ability (GCA) of, the induced doubled haploid (DH) rapeseed lines, a top cross analysis was conducted using 28 doubled haploid lines and top cross parent ...
Read More
In this research, Hayola F1 hybrids were used to produce rapeseed doubled haploid lines using microspore embryogenesis. To study general combining ability (GCA) of, the induced doubled haploid (DH) rapeseed lines, a top cross analysis was conducted using 28 doubled haploid lines and top cross parent of Hayola 420. Produced hybrids of doubled haploid lines × Hayola 420 were sown in research farm in 2015 growing season. Plant height, number of pods per branch and sub branches, number of seeds per pod, pod length, number of sub branches, length of main branch, 1000-seeds weight, single plant yield, number of days to flowering, number of days to seeding, number of days to physiological maturity, and oil yield were recorded in all top cross progeny to investigate GCA of DH lines. Results of analysis of variance showed a significant difference among all top cross hybrids for all investigated traits at 1% probability level. Based on means comparison analysis using multiple range Duncan test at 1% probability level, top cross hybrids of DH1, DH8, DH10, DH11, DH13, and DH21 were more differ than other top cross hybrids for all investigated characteristics. The highest mean of seed yield and oil yield was related to the top cross progeny of DH21 × Hayola 420. Results of top cross analysis showed that the highest positive and significant GCAs for single plant seed yield, number of pods per plant, and 1000-seeds weight were corresponded to DH1, DH10, and DH21, therefore these three DH lines can be used as elite parental lines in future breeding programs of rapeseed.
Research Paper
Molecular Plant Breeding
Ali Omrani; Saeid Aharizad; Ramin Roohparvar; Manoochehr Khodarahmi; Mahmoud Toorchi
Volume 7, Issue 18 , November 2017, Pages 15-25
Abstract
Stem and leaf rusts are the most devastating wheat diseases, worldwide. Utilization of genetic resistance and improvement of resistant cultivars are considered as the most reliable approaches to control wheat rusts. Identification of rust resistance sources and the involved resistance genes is one of ...
Read More
Stem and leaf rusts are the most devastating wheat diseases, worldwide. Utilization of genetic resistance and improvement of resistant cultivars are considered as the most reliable approaches to control wheat rusts. Identification of rust resistance sources and the involved resistance genes is one of the requirements for achieving sustainable resistance as well as resistant cultivars. Molecular markers have been identified for a significant number of, stem and leaf rusts resistance genes/loci. In this study, selected pre-released wheat promising lines of four Iranian major climate zones (Hot and humid, Hot and dry, moderate and Cold( were evaluated for the presence of seedling resistance genes or loci linked to the four molecular markers Sr39/Lr35, Sr31/Yr9/Lr26/Pm8/Pm17, Sr24/Lr24 and Sr22. Based on the results Sr39/Lr35 locus was identified only in line SEP59, while Sr31/Yr9/Lr26/Pm8/Pm17 locus in lines S-84-14 and SEP49. Sr24/Lr24 and Sr22 loci were not identified in all lines tested. The results of this study showed a low frequency of the resistance loci in pre-released promising lines and, thus, lines possessing these loci should be incorporated in wheat breeding programs in order to increase their frequency in new cultivars.
Research Paper
Bioinformatics
Amin Abedi; Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad; Mohammad Mehdi Sohani
Volume 7, Issue 18 , November 2017, Pages 27-40
Abstract
In eukaryotes cells, genomic DNA in combination with histone proteins is formed the chromatin. Histone chaperones affect the gene transcription via altering in DNA accessibility. In contrast to their animal and yeast counterparts, not much is known about plant histone chaperones. Nucleosome assembly ...
Read More
In eukaryotes cells, genomic DNA in combination with histone proteins is formed the chromatin. Histone chaperones affect the gene transcription via altering in DNA accessibility. In contrast to their animal and yeast counterparts, not much is known about plant histone chaperones. Nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family histone chaperones are conserved throughout eukaryotic genomics. NAP is an integral component in the establishment, maintenance, and dynamics of eukaryotic chromatin. They transfer histones into the nucleus, assemble nucleosomes, and promote chromatin fluidity, thereby, affecting the transcription of many genes. In this study, by applying some bioinformatics analysis approaches, six putative NAP genes (ZmNAPL1–ZmNAPL6) were identified in maize (Zea mays) using the released maize genomic sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these ZmNAPLs are classified into two subgroups as found in Arabidopsis and rice. Moreover, it was found that maize NAPL proteins are more closely related to rice. The ZmNAPL genes contained three to eleven introns and were distributed across 5 out of 20 chromosomes in maize. Microarray-based expression analysis of ZmNAPLs showed that there is a tight transcriptional regulation on ZmNAPL genes during the plant development in maize suggesting that they may play a role in genetic reprogramming in association with the developmental process. This study is the first report about NAPL gene family in maize and obtained results provide basic information for future research on the functions of NAPL genes in maize.
Research Paper
Molecular Plant Breeding
Hooriyeh Masoudi; Hossein Sabouri; Fakhtak Taliey; Jabbar Alat Jafarby
Volume 7, Issue 18 , November 2017, Pages 41-56
Abstract
In order to evaluation of genetic diversity and association analysis of morpho-phonological traits and mildew disease of wheat germplasm, 115 wheat genotypes were planted in the research field of Gonbad Kavous University as RCBD design with 3 replications in 2015-16. According to the results, there was ...
Read More
In order to evaluation of genetic diversity and association analysis of morpho-phonological traits and mildew disease of wheat germplasm, 115 wheat genotypes were planted in the research field of Gonbad Kavous University as RCBD design with 3 replications in 2015-16. According to the results, there was a significant difference between all measured traits except grain length. In order to evaluation of molecular diversity in 60 wheat genotypes, 8 ISSR, IPBS and IRAP primers were used. Out of 61 bands produced in total, 47 bands were polymorph. The number of polymorphic bands was different range from 2 to 14 bands for each primer. The maximum percent of polymorphism with %100 polymorphism belonged to PRI-46 primer, and the minimum percent of polymorphism with %50 polymorphism belonged to PRI-59, PRI -10 and PRI-5 primers. In this study, also 60 genotypes and lines of wheat were evaluated in-vitro against Bgt. Cluster analysis of data of Powdery mildew caused was grouped lines in three groups of sensitive, resistance and median using UPGMA algorithm and Euclidian distance. Mean comparison using LSD indicated that lines 127 and 801 were high resistance but lines 390, 515 and 833 were susceptible to Bgt. Association analysis between markers and traits morpho-phenological showed that a total of 56 alleles showed a connection between the characters and PR50-6 allele associated most relevant to the characters. Based on results of this research, the higher genotypes could be screened for advanced wheat breeding steps.
Review
Genomics
Asghar Mirzaie asl; Mishaneh Asgari; Maryam Alimirzaee
Volume 7, Issue 18 , November 2017, Pages 57-72
Abstract
Transition from vegetative growth to reproductive phase is one of the most important developments in plants life. This phenomenon is influenced by many genetic and physiological factors in higher plants. Identification of these factors is an important aim in breeding of many plants. In recent decades, ...
Read More
Transition from vegetative growth to reproductive phase is one of the most important developments in plants life. This phenomenon is influenced by many genetic and physiological factors in higher plants. Identification of these factors is an important aim in breeding of many plants. In recent decades, Arabidopsis has been used as a model plant in many studies related to flowering pathways and many paths has been found in this plant. Transition to flowering stage is regulated by flower causing genes including FT, TSF, SOC1 and AGL24 which induce identification of flowering meristem genes through the paths of photoperiod, vernalization, spontaneous and gibberellin. Photoperiodism is one of the most important environmental affecting factors in transition to flowering influenced by light receptors of phytochrome and cryptochrome, and CO and FT genes. FLC gene which is mainly responsible for vernalization in Arabidopsis, directly is as a repressor of FT and SOC1 flowering regulators and prevents the transition to flowering. Autonomous pathway genes are largely independent from the environmental conditions, and prevent the FLC expression by RNA-based control process or chromatin change. Finally, the gibberellin acts as a flowering accelerator when the photoperiodism pathway is inactive. In the present paper, the mechanism of flowering control for Arabidopsis plant is investigated and its importance in plant breeding is described.
Research Paper
Bioinformatics
Ehsan Pourabed; Zahra-Sadat Shobbar
Volume 7, Issue 18 , November 2017, Pages 73-92
Abstract
Rice is one of the most valuable crops, and water deficiency is the most important constraint to rice production. Due to the complexity and multigenic characteristics of the drought tolerance trait, the objective of the current research were reconstruction of the involved gene networks and identification ...
Read More
Rice is one of the most valuable crops, and water deficiency is the most important constraint to rice production. Due to the complexity and multigenic characteristics of the drought tolerance trait, the objective of the current research were reconstruction of the involved gene networks and identification of the key genes in rice plants using microarray data analysis. To achieve the goal, all the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with fold changes ≥+2.5 and ≤-2.5 at drought stress compared to normal conditions were identified among all the microarray data-series in rice using Genevestigator online tools. Totally, 101 DEGs were identified and their gene regulatory as well as protein-protein interactions (PPIs) networks was reconstructed. The hub genes (genes with the most interactions) were distinguished using nine Cyto-hubba computational algorithms on Cytoscape software. Based on the hub analysis results, 14 unique (non-redundant) genes were identified as the most effective genes in response to drought stress and their co-expression networks were constructed. According to the gene ontology analysis of the DEGs, their co-expressed genes and the hub genes, regulation of transcription were among the major groups indicating the importance of transcription factors (TFs) roles in drought tolerance mechanism. Amongst the TFs, ABA-responsive binding factors (AREBs), AP2, bZIP, WRKY and MYB gene families were observed. We hope that the obtained results would be beneficial toward finding the smart strategies for drought tolerance improvement.
Research Paper
Tissue culture and Micropropagation
Ebrahym Beiramizadeh; Roghayeh Zarei; Zohreh Hajibarat; Zahara Hajibarat; Abbas Saeidi
Volume 7, Issue 18 , November 2017, Pages 93-102
Abstract
In vitro propagation has proven a suitable method for mass multiplication of uniform and diseases-free plants and acts as a new tool for modern breeding through genetic manipulation. This experiment was conducted to study the in vitro effects of growth regulators on proliferation and rooting ability ...
Read More
In vitro propagation has proven a suitable method for mass multiplication of uniform and diseases-free plants and acts as a new tool for modern breeding through genetic manipulation. This experiment was conducted to study the in vitro effects of growth regulators on proliferation and rooting ability of Rosa canina. Auxiliary buds were used as explant in this experiment. The stem formation was tested using completely randomized factorial design. MS medium for shoot proliferation was supplemented with various concentrations of BA (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mgl-1) and Kin (0, 0.5 mgl-1). Analysis of variance showed that shoot number and shoot height were highly significant at 1% level. The most shoot proliferation was observed at 1 mgl-1 BA with 0.5 mgl-1 Kin. Maximum plantlet length was obtained with 0.5mgl-1 BA and 0.5mgl-1 Kin in combination. Number of roots, ratio of root number to root length and root length showed statistically significant difference in response to different root induction treatments. Furthermore, best root regeneration was obtained at 1.2 mgl-1 IBA in R. canina. All hardened plantlets were transferred to commercial rose greenhouse.
