بررسی تنش شوری در آفتابگردان با تمرکز بر مکانیسم‌ها و رویکردها

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه. ارومیه، ایران.

2 گروه اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

آفتابگردان (.Helianthus annuus L) یک محصول مهم دانه‌‌ روغنی شناخته شده است که به دلیل روغن با کیفیت بالا و غنی از اسیدلینولئیک در سراسر جهان کشت می‌‌شود. مطالعه حاضر مروری بر اثرات تنش شوری بر صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک، مکانیسم‌‌های مقاومت و روش‌‌های اصلاحی و زراعی برای مقابله با تنش شوری در آفتابگردان است. آفتابگردان به عنوان گیاه نیمه متحمل به شوری رتبه‌‌بندی می‌‌شود. اثرات منفی تنش شوری بر آفتابگردان شامل قهوه‌‌ای شدن نوک ریشه‌ها، کاهش رشد لپه‌‌ها و ریشه، سطح برگ، تجمع ماده خشک، عملکرد و میزان روغن دانه است. همچنین تنش شوری منجر به کاهش جذب CO2، سرعت تعرق، هدایت روزنه‌‌ای و ظرفیت فتوسنتزی در آفتابگردان می‌‌شود. از واکنش‌‌های مقاومت به تنش شوری در آفتابگردان می‌‌توان به تعدیل بیان ATPase‌های حساس به Oubain از طریق کلسیم، به تاخیر انداختن تخریب پروتئین‌‌های غشایی، افزایش سروتونین و ملاتونین، افزایش بیان نیتریک اکسید، افزایش S-nitrosylation پروتئین‌‌های سیتوزولی، افزایش محتوای پراکسید لیپید، فعالیت گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز و فراوانی هم اکسیژناز-1 (HO-1) در سلول‌‌های اطراف کانال‌‌های ترشحی اشاره کرد. مهمترین رویکردهای اصلاح برای تحمل تنش شوری در آفتابگردان عبارتند از: شناسایی ژن‌‌های مقاوم به شوری HT089، HT175، HT185، HT215، HT216 و HT227، شناسایی گونه H. paradoxus به عنوان مقاوم‌‌ترین گونه، تولید لاین‌‌های HA429 و HA430 متحمل به شوری، انتقال ژن TaNHX2 گندم به آفتابگردان و شناسایی ژن‌‌های دخیل در تحمل به تنش شوری با فناوری توال‌‌یابی نسل جدید. نتایج این بررسیِ گسترده در دستیابی به یک برنامه جامع برای بهبود پایدار عملکرد و کیفیت روغن آفتابگردان تحت تنش شوری مهم خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying salinity stress in sunflower with focusing on mechanisms and approaches

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sanaz Khalifani 1
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 1
  • Fariba Morsali Aghajari 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

A B S T R A C T








Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop that is cultivated worldwide because of its high-quality oil and be rich in linoleic acid. The present study is a review of the effects of salinity on morphological and physiological traits, resistance mechanisms, breeding, and agronomic methods to deal with salinity tolerance in sunflower. Sunflower is classified as semi-tolerant species. The negative effects of salt stress on sunflower include browning of root tips, reduction of cotyledons and root proliferation, leaf surface, accumulation of dry matter, yield, and seed oil content. Salt stress also leads to decrease in CO2 absorption, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic capacity in sunflower. The resistance reactions to salinity stress in sunflower include: modulating the expression of oubain-sensitive ATPases through calcium, delaying the degradation of membrane proteins of oil bodies, increase serotonin and melatonin, increase the expression of nitric oxide, increase S-nitrosylation of cytosolic proteins, increased content of lipid peroxide, activity of glutathione peroxidase, and the abundance of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells around the secretory channels . Among the important breeding approaches to cope salinity stress in sunflower are the identification of HT089, HT175, HT185, HT215, HT216, and HT227 salinity resistance genes, the identification of H. paradoxus as the most salinity resistant species, the production of HA429 and HA430 lines tolerant to salinity, the transfer of the TaNHX2 gene from wheat to sunflower that improved its salinity tolerance and the identification of genes involved in salinity stress in sunflower by next generation sequencing technology. The results of this extensive study will be important in achieving a comprehensive plan for sustainable improvement of yield and quality of sunflower oil under salt stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Morphological
  • Physiological mechanism
  • Resistance improvement approach
  • Resistance to salinity stress
  • Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
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