با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن بیوتکنولوژی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، صندوق پستی 3697-19395 تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران.

3 بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران

چکیده

با هدف اثر سطوح مختلف ملاتونین بر خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و مقدار بیان ژن‌های مرتبط با فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌‌اکسیدان در گندم نان، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. سطوح آبیاری نرمال ( (FC= 80 درصد)، تنش ملایم (FC= 60 درصد) و تنش شدید (FC= 40 درصد) به کرت‌های اصلی و محلول‌پاشی ملاتونین (صفر ، 50، 100، 150 و 200 μM) به کرت‌های فرعی اختصاص یافتند. نتایج نشان داد با تشدید تنش کم‌‌آبی بر محتوی فلانوئید و مقدار فعالیت آنزیم آسکروبات پراکسیداز افزوده شد و سطح μM‌‌100 ملاتونین بالاترین محتوی فلانوئید، مقدار فعالیت آنزیم آسکروبات پراکسیداز را به خود اختصاص داد. مقایسه میانگین تیمارهای برهمکنش نشان داد بالاترین محتوی پرولین، فنل، سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز به تیمار محلول‌‌پاشی μM 100 ملاتونین تحت شرایط تنش شدید کم‌آبی اختصاص یافت. همچنین کمترین مقدار مالون‌‌دی‌‌آلدهید برای تیمار محلول‌‌پاشی μM50 ملاتونین تحت شرایط آبیاری نرمال مشاهده شد. بالاترین محتوی کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کارتنوئید و عملکرد دانه در تیمار محلول‌‌پاشی 100 میکرومولار ملاتونین و شرایط آبیاری نرمال ثبت شد. در این بررسی حداکثر بیان ژن‌‌های سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز، آسکروبات پراکسیداز، پلی فنل اکسیداز و کاتالاز در تیمار محلول‌‌پاشی سطوح 100 و 150 μM ملاتونین تحت شرایط تنش شدید اختصاص یافت. محلول‌‌پاشی ملاتونین به خصوص سطح μM 100 توانست با بهبود خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی اثر تنش کم‌آبی را بر عملکرد دانه تعدیل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of melatonin levels on biochemical properties and the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes activity in Triticum aestivum L. under drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marouf Khalili 1
  • Mohammad Hasso Mohammad 2
  • Hamze Hamze 3

1 Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 M.Sc. Student, Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Payame Noor, Tehran, Iran.

3 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamedan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran

چکیده [English]

To study the effect of different levels of melatonin on the biochemical properties and the amount of expression of genes related to the activity of antioxidant enzymes in bread wheat, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete Triticum aestivum block design. Irrigation levels (normal (FC = 80%)), mild stress (FC = 60%), and severe stress (FC = 40%)) were allocated to the main plots and melatonin foliar spray (zero, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) were assigned to subplots. The results showed that the flavonoid content and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity increased with the intensification of dehydration stress. The level of 100 µM melatonin had the highest flavonoid content, ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity. The mean comparison interaction treatments showed that the highest content of proline, phenol, superoxide dismutase and catalase was assigned to the 100 µM melatonin foliar spray under conditions of extreme stress of dehydration. Also, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde was observed for the 50 μM melatonin foliar treatment under normal irrigation conditions. The highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and grain yield were recorded in the treatment of foliar spray of 100 μM melatonin and normal irrigation conditions. In this investigation, the maximum expression of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase genes were determined in the foliar spray of 100 and 150 μM melatonin levels under conditions of extreme stress. . The foliar spray of melatonin, especially at the level of 100 μM, could moderate the effect dehydration stress on grain yield by improving biochemical and antioxidant properties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • antioxidant
  • gene expression
  • melatonin
  • water deficit
  • wheat
Abid, M., Ali, S., Qi, L. K., Zahoor, R., Tian, Z., Jiang, D., ... & Dai, T. (2018). Physiological and biochemical changes during drought and recovery periods at tillering and jointing stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Scientific reports, 8(1), 4615. Ahmad, S., Kamran, M., Ding, R., Meng, X., Wang, H., Ahmad, I., ... & Han, Q. (2019). Exogenous melatonin confers drought stress by promoting plant growth, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant defense system of maize seedlings. PeerJ, 7, e7793. Ahmad, S., Su, W., Kamran, M., Ahmad, I., Meng, X., Wu, X., ... & Han, Q. (2020). Foliar application of melatonin delay leaf senescence in maize by improving the antioxidant defense system and enhancing photosynthetic capacity under semi-arid regions. Protoplasma, 257, 1079-1092. Ahmadi J, Pour-Aboughadareh A, Fabriki-Ourang S, Mehrabi AA, Sidique KHM. (2018). Wild relatives of wheat: Aegilops–Triticum accessions disclose differential antioxidative and physiological responses to water stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 40:90. Al-Huqail, A.A., M. N. Khan, H. M. Ali, M. H. Siddiqui, A. A. Al-Huqail, F. M. AlZuaibr, M. A. Al-Muwayhi., N. Marraiki, L.A. Al-Humaid. (2021). Exogenous melatonin mitigates boron toxicity in wheat. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 201: 1-12 Arnao M.B., and Hernández-Ruiz J. (2014). Melatonin: Plant growthregulator and/or biostimulator during stress? Trends in Plant Science 19: 789–797. Bajwa, V.S.; Shukla, M.R.; Sherif, S.M.; Murch, S.J.; Saxena, P.K. (2014). Role of melatonin in alleviating cold stress inArabidopsis thaliana. J. Pineal Res., 56, 238–245. Cao, L.; Qin, B.; Zhang, Y.X. (2021). Exogenous application of melatonin may contribute to enhancement of soybean drought tolerance via its effects on glucose metabolism. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip., 35, 964–976. Cen, H.; Wang, T.; Liu, H.; Tian, D.; Zhang, Y.W. (2020). Melatonin application improves salt tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by enhancing antioxidant capacity. Plants, 9, 220. Cui G, Zhao X, Liu S, Sun F, Zhang C, Xi Y. (2017). Beneficial effects of melatonin in overcoming drought stress in wheat seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 118:138_149 DOI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.06.014. Du Y, Zhao Q, Chen L, Yao X, Zhang W, Zhang B, Xie F. (2020). Efect of drought stress on sugar metabolism in leaves and roots of soybean seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 146:1–12. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.003. Dumanović J, Nepovimova E, Natić M, Kuča K, Jaćević V .(2020). The signifcance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system in plants: a concise overview. Front Plant Sci 11:552969. FAO World Food and Agriculture. Statistical Yearbook. Available online: http://www.fao.org/3/i3107e/i3107e. pdf (accessed on 20 May 2022). Fatehi F, and Mohammadi H. (2019). Physiological response and expression of genes involved in drought tolerance in tolerant and susceptible bread wheat cultivars. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal 2019; 8 (2) :200-216 URL: http://gebsj.ir/article-1-331-fa.html (in Persian) Fleta-Soriano E, Díaz L, Bonet E, Munné-Bosch S. (2017). Melatonin may exert a protective role against drought stress in maize. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 203:286_294 DOI 10.1111/jac.12201. Fujiwara T, Maisonneuve S, Isshiki M, Mizutani M, Chen L, Wong HL, Kawasaki T, Shimamoto K. (2010). Sekiguchi lesion gene encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes conversion of tryptamine to serotonin in rice. Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, 11308–11313. Ghazimohseni, V and Seyed Kazem Sabbagh. (2016). Effect of chitosan on gene expression and activity of enzymes involved in resistant induction to fusariuse of wheat. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection, 46 (2), 363-371(in Persian) Gill, S., and Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 48, 909–930. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy. 2010.08.016 Hamurcu M, Khan MK, Pandey A, Ozdemir C, Avsaroglu ZZ, Elbasan F, Omay AH, Gezgin S. (2020). Nitric oxide regulates watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) responses to drought stress. 3 Biotech 10:1–14. Hassanpour Lescokelaye, K., J. Ahmadi, J. Daneshyan and S. Hatami. (2015). Changes in Chlorophyll, Protein and Antioxidant Enzymes on Durum Wheat under Drought Stress. Journal of Crop Breeding, 7(15): 76-87 Heydari, H. (2018). The effect of pyridoxine, pantothenic acid and zinc foliar application on quantitative and qualitative traits of green beans. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture Shahrood University of Technology, Iran. Jafari, M.; Shahsavar, A.R.; Talebi, M.; Hesami, M. (2022). Exogenous Melatonin Protects Lime Plants from Drought Stress-Induced Damage by Maintaining Cell Membrane Structure, Detoxifying ROS and Regulating Antioxidant Systems. Horticulturae, 8, 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ Kang S, Kang K, Lee K, Back KW. (2007). Characterization of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase and serotonin synthesis in rice plants. Plant Cell Reports 26, 2009–2015. Li B, Feng Y, Zong Y, Zhang D, Hao X, Li P .(2020a). Elevated CO2-induced changes in photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes and signal transduction enzyme of soybean under drought stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 154:105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. plaphy.2020.05.039. Li, Z.G.; Xu, Y.; Bai, L.K.; Zhang, S.Y.; Wang, Y. (2018). Melatonin enhances thermotolerance of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) by modulating antioxidant defense, methylglyoxal detoxification, and osmoregulation systems. Protoplasma, 256, 471–490. Liu, J., Wang, W., Wang, L., and Sun, Y. (2015). Exogenous melatonin improves seedling health index and drought tolerance in tomato. Plant. Growth. Regul. 77: 317-326. Liu, J.; Sun, J.; Pan, Y.; Yun, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Jiang, G.; Jiang, Y. (2021) Endogenous melatonin generation plays a positive role in chilling tolerance in relation to redox homeostasis in litchi fruit during refrigeration. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 178, 111554. Maria Janas, K., and Maria Posmyk, M. (2013). Melatonin, an underestimated natural substance with great potential for agricultural application. Acta. Physiol. 35: 3285-3292 Mazlomi, F. (2020). Studying the effects of melatonin on tomato seedlings under cold stress, Master's Thesis of Shahrood University. (in Persian) Mohammadi Y, Baradaran Firouzabadi M, Gholami A, Makarian H. (2020). The effect of vitamins B group and melatonin foliar application on yield and some of physiological traits of soybean (Glycine max). Journal of Plant Process and Function; 9 (35) :359-376 Noble Amoah, J., Seo, W. Y., (2021). Efect of progressive drought stress on physio biochemical responses and gene expression patterns in wheat. Biotech. 11: 440-428 Outoukarte, I.; El Keroumi, A.; Dihazi, A.; Naamani, K. (2019). Use of morpho-physiological parameters and biochemical markers to select drought tolerant genotypes of durum wheat. J. Plant Stress Phys., 1–7. Pan, Y.; Yuan, M.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, Z. E. (2017). Ect of low temperatures on chilling injury in relation to energy status in papaya fruit during storage. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 125, 181–187. Pour-Aboughadareh , Alireza , Marouf Khalili, Peter Poczai and Tiago Olivoto .(2022). Stability Indices to Deciphering the Genotype-by-Environment Interaction (GEI) Effect: An Applicable Review for Use in Plant Breeding Programs.plants.pp,1-24. Raja V, Qadir SU, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. (2020). Impact of drought and heat stress individually and in combination on physio-biochemical parameters, antioxidant responses, and gene expression in Solanum lycopersicum. 3 Biotech. 10:1–18 Reiter RJ, Tan D-X, Fuentes-Broto L. (2010). Melatonin: a multitasking molecule. Progress in Brain Research 181, 127–151. Reiter, R.J., Tan, D.X., Zhou, Z., Cruz, M.H.C., Fuentes-Broto, L., and Galano, A. (2015). Phytomelatonin: assisting plants to survive and thrive. Molecules, 20: 7396-7437. Ren, J.; Yang, X.; Ma, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, J. (2021). Melatonin enhances drought stress tolerance in maize through coordinated regulation of carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 167, 958–969 Riga P, Medina S, Garcia-Flores LA, Gil-Izquierdo A. (2014). Melatonin content of pepper and tomato fruits: effects of cultivar and solar radiation. Food Chemistry 156, 347–352. Sallam, A., A. M. Alqudah, M. F. A. Dawood, P. S. Baenziger and A. Börner. (2019). Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat and Barley: Advances in Physiology, Breeding and Genetics Research. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.20 (3137): 1-36 Sarrou E, Therios I, Dimassi-Theriou K. (2014). Melatonin and other factors that promote rooting and sprouting of shoot cuttings in Punica granatum cv. Wonderful. Turkish Journal of Botany 38, 293–301. Sharma, P.; Sareen, S.; Saini, M. (2017). Shefali Assessing genetic variation for heat stress tolerance in Indian bread wheat genotypes using morpho-physiological traits and molecular markers. Plant Genet. Resour., 15, 539–547. Singh-Gill S, Tuteja N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance incrop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 48:909- 930. Tan DX, Manchester LC, Esteban-Zubero E, Zhou Z, Reiter RJ, Estebanzubero E, Zhou Z, Reiter RJ.( 2015). Melatonin as a potent and inducible endogenous antioxidant: synthesis and metabolism. Molecules 20:18886_18906 Tan, D.X., Hardeland, R., Manchester, L.C., Korkmaz, A., Ma, S., Rosales Corral, S., and Reiter, R.J.( 2011). Functional roles of melatonin in plants, and perspectives in nutritional and agricultural science. J. Exp. Bot. 63: 577-597 Turk, H., S. Erdal, M. Genisel, O. Atici, Y. Demir, and D. Yanmis. (2014). The regulatory effect of melatonin on physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters in cold-stressed wheat seedlings. Plant Growth Regul. 74: 139-152. Weeda S, Zhang N, Zhao X, Ndip G, Guo Y, Buck GA, Fu C, Ren SX. (2014). Arabidopsis transcriptome analysis reveals key roles of melatonin in plant defense systems. PLoS One 9, e93462–e93462. Wei, Z.) 2019(. Melatonin increases the performance of Malus hupehensis after UV-B exposure. Plant Physiol Biochem 139, 630–641. Yang XL., Xu H., Li D., Gao X., Li TL., and Wang R. (2018). Effect of melatonin priming on photosynthetic capacity of tomato leaves under low-temperature stress. Photosynthtica 56(3): 884-892. Zhang H., Zhang N., Yang R., Wang L., Sun Q., Li D., Cao Y., Weeda S., Zhao B., Ren S. and Guo Y., (2014), Melatonin promotes seed germination under high salinity by regulating antioxidant systems, ABA and GA4 interaction in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), Journal of pineal research; 57:269–279. Zhang Y.P., Xu S., Yang S.J., and Chen Y.Y.( 2017). Melatonin alleviates cold-induced oxidative damage by regulation of ascorbate–glutathione and proline metabolism in melon seedlings (Cucumis melo L.). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 92(3): 313-324. Zhang, N., Q. Sun, H. Zhang, Y. Cao, S. Weeda, S.H. Ren, and Y.D. Guo. (2015). Roles of melatonin in abiotic stress resistance in plants. J Exp. Bot. 66: 647-56. Zhang, Q.; Liu, X.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, N.; Li, D.; Hu, L. (2019). Melatonin improved waterlogging tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by reprogramming polyamine and ethylene metabolism. Front. Plant Sci., 10, 44. Zhang, Y.-J.; Yang, J.-S.; Guo, S.-J.; Meng, J.-J.; Zhang, Y.-L.; Wan, S.-B.; He, Q.-W.; Li, X.-G. (2011). Over-expression of the Arabidopsis CBF1 gene improves resistance of tomato leaves to low temperature under low irradiance. Plant Biol., 13, 362–367.