بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی ژنوتیپ‌های کلزا‎ ‎در شرایط کشت بافت و مزرعه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه.

2 گروه زراعت (اصلاح نباتات و ژنتیک)، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.‏

3 دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

4 دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

کلزا یکی از مهمترین گیاهان روغنی در جهان است که به دلیل اهمیت واردات روغن توسعه‌ی کشت آن مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر ژنوتیپ‌های کلزا در شرایط کشت بافت و مزرعه و نیز شـناسایی ژنوتیپ‌‌های پایدار در مزرعه اجرا گردید. در شرایط آزمایشگاه، واکنش 14 ژنوتیپ مختلف کلزا به القاء کالوس حاصل از کشت هیپوکوتیل و ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی ژنوتیپ‌ها با استفاده از پلی‌اتیلن گلیکول 6000 در پنج سطح شامل صفر (بعنوان شاهد)، 10%، 20% ،30%، و 40% در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار بررسی شد. صفات مورد ارزیابی شامل سرعت رشد نسبی، سرعت رشد، محتوای آب نسبی و محتوای پرولین کالوس بود. در بخش مزرعه، ژنوتیپ‌ها در چهار محیط (دو سال متوالی 87-1386 در شرایط دیم و آبیاری) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج کشت کالوس نشان داد که صفات مورد ارزیابی به غیر از محتوای پرولین کالوس با افزایش سطح تنش کاهش یافتند. در شرایط آزمایشگاه ژنوتیپ شماره‌ی هفت (Dante) به عنوان ژنوتیپ برتر معرفی گردید. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه‌ی AMMI حاکی از معنادار بودن اثرات افزایشی ژنوتیپ و محیط و اثر ضربی ژنوتیپ × محیط بود. نتایج اثرات افزایشی تجمعی (تجزیه واریانس) و اثرات متقابل ضربی (تجزیه به اجزای اصلی) نشان داد که دو مؤلفه‌ی اول 02/53 و 65/33 درصد از واریانس اثر متقابل را برای عملکرد روغن تبیین کردند. ژنوتیپ‌های Dante و SLM-046 بعنوان ژنوتیپ‌های پایدار معرفی گردیدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Drought Stress on some Rapeseed Genotypes under Tissue ‎Culture and Field Conditions ‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Chaghakaboodi 1
  • Mahdi Kakaei 2
  • Alireza Zebarjadi 3
  • danial kahrizi 4
1 Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of agriculture, Razi University. Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Agriculture (Plant Breeding and Genetic) Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran-Iran.‎
3 Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of agriculture, Razi University. Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of agriculture, Razi University. Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is recognized as one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide and its development of cultivation has received attention due to the importance of importing oil. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on some Rapeseed genotypes under tissue culture and field conditions and to identify stable genotypes in the field. The possible responses of 14 different canola genotypes to Callus induction resulting from Hypocotyl cultivation and evaluation their drought tolerance were studied using Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) at five different levels, including zero (as control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% PEG concentrations based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Measured traits included relative growth rate, growth rate, relative water content, and proline content of the Callus. Furthermore, in the field sector, the genotypes were investigated in four environments (two consecutive years in 2016-2018 under rainfed and irrigated conditions) based on randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the Callus culture results, the assessed traits, except the Proline content of Callus, decreased with increasing stress level. In laboratory conditions, genotype number seven (Dante) was introduced as the superior genotype. The results of Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis showed the significance of both additive effects of genotype and environment and the multiplicative effect of genotype × environment interaction. The results of cumulative additive effects (decomposition of variance) and multiplicative interaction effects (decomposition into principal components) showed that the first two components explained 53.02 and 33.65% of the variance of the interaction effect for oil yield. Dante and SLM-046 genotypes were introduced as stable genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biplot
  • Brassica napus
  • Callus growth rate
  • Callus induction
  • Drought stress
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