با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن بیوتکنولوژی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 دانشگاه کردستان گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 پیام نورگروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

4 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مضرترین آفات جنگل‌های زاگرس، پروانه‌ی جوانه‌خوار بلوط Tortrix viridana (Lep. Tortricidae) است. تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیت‌های گیاه میزبان پروانه‌ی جوانه‌خوار بلوط در جنگل‌های بلوط شمال غرب ایران و منطقه‌ی زاگرس شمالی با استفاده از توالی ژن 28s بررسی شد. جمع‌آوری نمونه‌ها، در مناطق جنگلی استان‌های آذربایجان غربی، لرستان، کردستان و کرمانشاه صورت گرفت. نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری شده که در مرحله‌ی لاروی بودند تا زمانی که به شفیره و سپس به حشره‌ی کامل تبدیل شوند، در آزمایشگاه نگهداری شدند. استخراج DNA به روش CTAB انجام و به منظور تکثیر ناحیه 28s از توالی ژن 28s جنس Tortrix از NCBI برای طراحی پرایمر استفاده شد. ناحیه‌ی مورد نظر با استفاده از روش PCR تکثیر و محصولات PCR توالی‌یابی شدند. 21 نمونه برای بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی با استفاده از ژن 28s انتخاب شد که 18 نمونه با کیفیت بالاتر توالی DNA برای بررسی‌های بیشتر مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. توالی‌های DNA با استفاده از نرم افزار Bioedit ویرایش و با نرم افزار MegaX تراز شد و درخت فیلوژنتیک به روش UPGMA با 1000 تکرار نمونه‌برداری ترسیم گردید. ارزیابی ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیت‌ها نشان داد که تنوع مابین جمعیت‌ها بیشتر از درون جمعیت‌ها است. نتایج درخت فیلوژنتیک نیز نشان داد که نمونه‌های مختلف پروانه‌ی جوانه‌خوار بلوط بر اساس فاصله‌ی جغرافیایی دارای تنوع ژنتیکی هستند. بنابراین زمان ظهور آفت، رفتار و نوع کنترل و مدیریت آفت آنها هم متفاوت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic diversity of Tortrix viridana L. (Lep. Tortricidae) in Zagros Oak forests using 28s gene ‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rezvan Mousivand 1
  • Mohammad Majdi 2
  • ّFoad Fatehi 3
  • Hamed ghobari 4

1 Department of Plant Production ‎and Genetics, University of ‎Kurdistan, Sanandaj Iran.

2 University of KurDepartment of plant production and Genetics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj Irandistan

3 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of plant Protection, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj Iran

چکیده [English]

One of the most harmful pests of Zagros forests is the Tortrix viridana (Lep. Tortricidae). Genetic diversity of Tortrix viridana host plant populations in the oak forests of northwestern Iran and the northern Zagros region was investigated using 28s gene sequence. The samples were collected from the forest areas of west Azarbaijan, Lorestan, Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces. They were in the larval stage, were kept in laboratory conditions until they turned into pupa and then into a complete insect. DNA extraction was done by CTAB method. Also, in order to amplify the 28s region, the 28s gene sequence of Tortrix genus was used from NCBI for primer design. The desired region was amplified using the PCR method and the PCR products were sequenced. 21 samples were selected to investigate genetic diversity using the 28s gene, and 18 sequences DNAs were of suitable quality for further investigations. The DNA sequences were edited using Bioedit software and aligned using MegaX software, and the phylogenetic tree was drawn by UPGMA method with 1000 sampling repetitions. The evaluation of the genetic structure of populations showed that the diversity between populations is greater than within populations. The results of the phylogenetic tree also showed that different samples of the Tortrix viridana have genetic diversity based on geographical distance. Therefore, the time of appearance of the pest, their behavior and their type of control and management are also different.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tortrix viridana
  • Pest
  • geographical distance
  • 28s rDNA
Zargaran, M. Mousavi Mirkla, S.R. Banj Shafi'i, A. and Ramezani Kakroudi, A. (2014). Studying the biology of the oak borer and its distribution in West Azarbaijan province. Journal of Forest Research and Development, 1 (1), 31-42. Talebi, Kh. Sajdi, T., & Yazdian, F. (2014). A look at the forests of Iran. The second edition, published by the Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute. Pages 1-65. Ghabari, H. Guldansaz, S.H. Ashuri, A., Kharazi, A., & Bi-Hamta, M. (2016). Investigating the presence and distribution of the oak bud-eating moth in the forests of Kurdistan province. Entomological Society letter. 27 (1), 47-59. Ghiyasuddin, H., Shabanian, N., Kavossi, M., & Talebi, R. (2019). Genetic diversity and population structure of the oak bud-eating butterfly in the forests of North Zagros. Journal of modern genetics. 15 (2), 136-123. Assefa, Y., Goftishu, M., Capdevielle-Dulac, C., & Le Ru, B. (2017). Clarifying the source of Conicofrontia sesamoides Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) population in South African sugarcane using morphological identification and mitochondrial DNA analysis. Phytoparasitica, 45(1), 45-55. Aylor, D.E., & Irwin, M.E. (1999). Aerial dispersal of pests and pathogens: implications for integrated pest management. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 97, 233-234. Bhau, B.S., Mech, J., Borthakur, S., Bhuyan, M., & Bhattacharyya, P.R. (2014). Morphological and genetic diversity studies among populations of tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora from Assam, India. Molecular Biology Reports, 41, 7845-7856. Castagneyrol, B., Jactel, H., Vacher, C., Brockerhoff, E.G., & Koricheva, J. )2014(. Effects of plant phylogenetic diversity on herbivory depend on herbivore specialization. Journal of Applied Ecology, 51(1), 134-141. Du Merle, P. (1999). Egg development and diapause: ecophysiological and genetic basis of phenological polymorphism and adaptation to varied hosts in the green oak tortrix, Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 45(6), 599-611. Fazeli, M.J., & Abai, M. (1990). Green oak leaf-roller moth in Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province (Tortrix viridana L., Lep.: Tortricidae). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 57(1-2), 1-2. Gao, B., Hedlund, J., Reynolds, D. R., Zhai, B., Hu, G., & Chapman, J. W. (2020). The ‘migratory connectivity’concept, and its applicability to insect migrants. Movement Ecology, 8, 1-13. Ghobari, H., Goldansaz, S.H., Askari, H., Ashouri, A., kharazi, P.A., & Bihamta, M.R. (2007). Investigation of presence, distribution and flight period of oak leaf roller moth, Tortrix viridana (Lep.: Tortricidae) using pheromone traps inKurdistan province. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 27(1), 47-59. Guo, J., Wang, Z., & Francis, F. (2017). Use of molecular markers for entomological diversity assessment and their application in population study of aphids. Entomologie faunistique-Faunistic Entomology. Haase, J., Castagneyrol, B., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Ghazoul, J., Kattge, J., Koricheva, J., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Morath, S., & Jactel, H. (2015). Contrasting effects of tree diversity on young tree growth and resistance to insect herbivores across three biodiversity experiments. Oikos, 124(12), 1674-1685. Hunter, M.D. (2008). A variable insect–plant interaction: the relationship between tree budburst phenology and population levels of insect herbivores among trees. Journal of Ecological Entomology, 17(1), 91-95. Jazirehi, M.H., & Ebrahimi-Rastaghi, M. (2003). Silviculture in Zagros. Tehran University publications. (In Farsi). Jones, B.C., & Despland, E. )2006(. Effects of synchronization with host plant phenology occur early in the larval development of a spring folivore. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 84(4), 628-633. Li, X., Wu, S., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., & Wang, J. (2022). Population Genetic Structure of Chlorops oryzae (Diptera, Chloropidae) in China. Insects, 13(4), 327. Marvi mohajer, MR. (2005). Silviculture, Tehran University Prees, Tehran, 388p. (In Pertion). Nugnes, F., Gebiola, M., Monti, M.M., Gualtieri, L., Giorgini, M., Wang, J., & Bernardo, U. (2015). Genetic Diversity of the Invasive Gall Wasp Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and of its Rickettsia Endosymbiont, and Associated Sex-Ratio Differences. Journal of Plos one, 10(5), 1-20. Sabeti, H.A. (1995). Forests, trees and shrubs of Iran. Yaz University publications. (In Farsi). Salvato, P., Battisti, A., Concato, S., Masutti, L., Patarnello, T., & Zane, L. (2002). Genetic differentiation in the winter pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa–wilkinsoni complex), inferred by AFLP and mitochondrial DNA markers. Mol Ecol 11, 2435-2444. Schroder, H. (2008). Genetic differentiation of populations of the green oak leaf roller (Tortrix viridana L.) and its host (Quercus robur L.) using nuclear gene markers. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 16(4), 237-242. Schroeder, H., & Degen, B. (2008a). Genetic structure of the green oak leaf roller (Tortrix viridana L.) and one of its hosts, Quercus robur L. Forest Ecology and Management, 256, 1270-1279. Schroeder, H., & Degen, B. (2008b). Spatial genetic structure in populations of the green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). European Journal of Forest Research, 127(6), 447-453. Schroeder, H., Arens, P., & Smulders, M.J.M. (2010). Autosomal and sex-linked microsatellite loci in the green oak leaf roller Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Journal of Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(3), 809-811. Serra, G., Maestrale, GB., Baratti, M., & Lentini, A. (2014). Genetic variation in Sardinian populations of the Green oak leaf roller Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Integrated protection in oak forests. IOBC/wprs Bulletin, 101, 221-225. Shuster, S.M., Lonsdorf, E.V., Wimp, G.M., Bailey, J.K., & Whitham, T.G. (2006). Community heritability measures the evolutionary consequences of indirect genetic effects on community structure. Evolution, 60(5), 991-1003. Wang, X., & Messing, R.H. (2003). Intra- and interspecific competition by Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha tryoni (hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies. Biological Control, 27, 251-259. Wharton, R.A., Trostle, M.K., Messing, R.H., Copeland, R.S., Kimani-Njogu, S.W., Lux, S., Overholt, W.A., Mohamed, S., & Sivinski, J. (2000). Parasitoids of medfly, ceratitis capitata, and related tephritids in kenyan coffee: a predominantly koinobiont assemblage. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 90, 517-526. Xu, Y., Mai, J.W., Yu, B.J., Hu, H.X., Yuan, L., Jashenko, R., & Ji, R. (2019). Study on the genetic differentiation of geographic populations of Calliptamus italicus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in sino-kazakh border areas based on mitochondrial COI and COII genes. Journal of economic entomology, 112(4), 1912-1919.