کودهای زیستی مبتنی بر جلبک: کاربردها و چالش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

تجارت جهانی جلبک‌ها، 8/19 میلیارد دلار در سال 2021 بوده و پیش‌بینی می‌شود در سال 2028 با نرخ رشد مرکب سالیانه 5/10 درصد به به 36 میلیارد دلار برسد. جلبک‌های سبز یوکاریوتی و سیانوباکتری‌های پروکاریوتی گرم منفی در صنایع دارویی، غذایی، آرایشی، آبزی‌پروری، جیره غذایی طیور و سوخت‌های زیستی کاربرد گسترده‌ای دارند. همچنین، جلبک‌ها به واسطه افزایش دسترسی به مواد مغذی، حفظ کربن آلی و حاصلخیزی خاک، افزایش رشد و عملکرد گیاه و تحریک فعالیت میکروبی خاک؛ در کشاورزی مبتنی بر توسعه پایدار کاربرد دارند. سیانوباکتری‌های تولیدکننده هتروسیت که نسبت به دامنه وسیعی از شرایط محیطی سازگار شده اند، گروه ویژه‌ای از پروکاریوت‌های فتوسنتزکننده هستند که قادرند نیتروژن اتمسفری را توسط سیستم آنزیمی نیتروژناژ تثبیت کنند. علاوه بر این، جلبک‌های سبز و سیانوباکتری‌ها با تولید متابولیت‌هایی مانند هورمون‌های رشد، پلی ساکاریدها و ترکیبات ضد میکروبی نقش مهمی در کلونیزه شدن آن‌ها در فیلوسفر و ریزوسفر گیاهان و تکثیر جوامع‌ میکروبی و یوکاریوتی در خاک دارند. در حال حاضر، توسعه کنسرسیوم‌ سیانوباکتری‌ها با باکتری‌ها یا قارچ‌ها یا ریزجلبک‌ها و بیوفیلم‌های مبتنی بر آن‌ها دامنه استفاده از جلبک‌ها را توسعه بخشیده است. این بررسی به کاربرد جلبک‌ها در تولید محصولات زراعی، چالش‌های کاربرد جلبک‌ها و جنبه‌های تجاری آن‌ها در بخش کشاورزی تمرکز دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Algae-based biofertilizers: applications and challenges

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Azizi 1
  • Saeed Soheilivand 2
1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The global algae market was valued at USD 19.8 Billion in the year 2021 and it is expected to reach USD 36 Billion in 2028 by Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.5%. Eukaryotic green algae and Gram-negative prokaryotic cyanobacteria are widely used in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, aquaculture, poultry and biofuel industries. Algae are also used in agriculture based on sustainable development by facilitating increased access to nutrients, maintaining organic carbon and soil fertility, increasing plant growth and crop yield, and stimulating soil microbial activity. Heterocyte-forming cyanobacteria, which have acclimated to diverse environmental conditions, represent a unique subset of photosynthetic prokaryotes capable of nitrogen fixation via the nitrogenase enzyme system. In addition, green algae and cyanobacteria by producing metabolites such as growth hormones, polysaccharides and antimicrobial compounds play an important role in their colonization in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of plants and the proliferation of microbial and eukaryotic communities in the soil. Currently, the development of the consortium of cyanobacteria with bacteria or fungi or microalgae and biofilms based on them has expanded the scope of using algae. This review focuses on the application of algae in the production of crops and the protection and management of natural resources, the challenges of using algae and their commercial aspects in agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Microalgae
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Bio-fertilizer
  • Consortium
  • Biofilm
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