تعیین جنسیت مولکولی و بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی جوجوبا (‏Simmondsia chinensis Link ‎Schneider‏) با نشانگرهای مولکولی ‏ISSR‏ و ‏RAPD ‏

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، جهرم، ایران.

10.30473/cb.2025.73765.2004

چکیده

جوجوبا (Simmondsia chinensis Link Schneider) معروف به گیاه معجزه، گیاهی چندساله و مقاوم به تنش‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی است که به دلیل تولید روغن صنعتی باکیفیت، از اهمیت اقتصادی بالایی برخوردار است. تشخیص جنسیت گیاهچه‌های جوجوبا در مراحل اولیه رشد، برای بهینه‌سازی نسبت گیاهان نر و ماده و افزایش بهره‌وری در باغ‌های تجاری ضروری است. در این پژوهش، تنوع ژنتیکی 17 ژنوتیپ جوجوبای بذری (9 ماده و 8 نر) با استفاده از نشانگرهای RAPD و ISSR بررسی شد. هدف، اعتبارسنجی دو نشانگر اختصاصی جنسیت شامل ISSR (UBC-807 و CAPS) و دو نشانگر RAPD (F1 و F10) بود. نتایج نشان داد نشانگرهای مورد استفاده توانایی تفکیک قطعی جنسیت را از طریق تکثیر باند اختصاصی هر جنس نداشتند، اما تنوع ژنتیکی قابل توجهی بین ژنوتیپ‌های نر و ماده مشاهده شد. آغازگر F1 و CAPS به ترتیب بالاترین (82.5%) و پایین‌ترین (77.8%) چندشکلی را نشان دادند. همچنین، آغازگر F10 بیشترین تنوع شانون، تعداد آلل مؤثر، شاخص باند و هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار را دارا بود. دندروگرام حاصل از ضریب تشابه جاکارد توانست ژنوتیپ‌های نر و ماده را به‌خوبی تفکیک کند. بررسی‌ها نشان داد ISSR در مقایسه با RAPD در بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی کارآمدتر است و آغازگر F1 به‌طور ویژه ژنوتیپ‌های نر را با دقت تفکیک کرد. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که علیرغم عدم توانایی تکثیر قطعی باندهای اختصاصی جنسیت، نشانگرهای مورد استفاده در شناسایی تنوع ژنتیکی مؤثر بوده و می‌توانند با کاهش هزینه‌های احداث باغ‌های جوجوبا، الگویی برای تفکیک جنسیت در سایر گونه‌های زراعی، باغی و دارویی باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Molecular Markers for Sex Determination and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Based on ISSR and RAPD Molecular Markers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Nabi Ghahfarokhi 1
  • hossen Shahsavand Hassani 2
  • Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi 1
  • Askar Ghani 3
1 Production Engineering and Plant Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Production Engineering and Plant Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 horticulture science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link Schneider), often referred to as the "miracle plant," is a dioecious, cross-pollinated, evergreen, and diploid (2n = 52) perennial shrub. Renowned for its significant economic value, jojoba is widely utilized in the pharmaceutical, health, and even in military industries. Moreover, jojoba remarkable resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses enhances its environmental adaptations. Determining the sex of jojoba plants at the seedling stage (1–3 years old) is crucial for optimizing the male-to-female plant ratio for establishment and for commercial cultivation. This optimization facilitates increased productivity and yield per unit area, ensuring efficient garden establishment and management. This study assessed the genetic diversity of 17 jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) trees, derived from the Arizona cultivar, consisting of 9 female and 8 male genotypes. These genotypes were selected based on prior research conducted at the only jojoba germplasm garden in Iran, located in Fars Province. The study employed RAPD and ISSR molecular markers to determine the sex of the jojoba genotypes and to evaluate their genetic diversity. The primary objective was to validate four specific sex determination markers: two ISSR markers (UBC-807 and CAPS) and two RAPD markers (F1 and F10). The results of this study revealed that although the molecular markers used were unable to definitively distinguish male and female jojoba genotype by amplify sex specific band, significant genetic diversity was observed between the sexes. Among the markers, the F1 primer exhibited the highest polymorphism (82.5%), while the CAPS primer showed the lowest polymorphism (78.77%). Furthermore, the F10 primer demonstrated the highest, and the CAPS primer the lowest, values for the number of effective alleles, Shannon diversity index, band index, and expected heterozygosity, making F10 the most effective and CAPS the least effective marker for assessing genetic diversity between male and female genotypes. The genetic diversity dendrogram, constructed using the Jaccard similarity coefficient, effectively differentiated male and female genotypes. Although the markers used in this study were unable to replicate the sex-specific bands reported in previous studies, the F1 primer demonstrated strong potential for distinguishing male and female genotypes based on genetic diversity. Additionally, ISSR markers were found to be more efficient than RAPD markers in evaluating genetic diversity both within and between genotypes. These findings provide a valuable framework for sex differentiation in other agriculturally, horticulturally, and medicinally important species, potentially reducing the costs associated with maintaining and establishing relevant orchards.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Miracle plant (jojoba)
  • molecular detection
  • polymerase chain reaction
  • polymorphism
  • sex markers

مراجع

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