نوع مقاله : مروری
نویسندگان
1 بخش بیوتکنولوژی میکروبی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، کرج، ایران
2 دانشکده علوم و فناوری همگرا، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This review examines the profound impact of drought stress on global wheat production, with particular emphasis on its detrimental effects on plant growth, grain filling, and final yield, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Meeting future food demand will require an approximately 70% increase in wheat productivity by 2050, a target increasingly challenged by the rapid depletion of freshwater resources. Enhancing drought tolerance is therefore critical to maintaining yield stability and crop resilience under changing climatic conditions. This paper synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular and genetic mechanisms activated in wheat during water deficit, encompassing stress perception, signal transduction, and the downstream regulation of adaptive responses. Special attention is devoted to major transcription factor (TF) families, including WRKY, MYB, NAC, and AP2/ERF (DREB), which serve as key regulators of drought-responsive gene networks. These TFs orchestrate multiple physiological and developmental adaptations, such as stomatal regulation, osmotic adjustment via the accumulation of compatible solutes (e.g., proline and soluble sugars), enhanced antioxidant defenses to mitigate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and root/shoot modifications that optimize water uptake and conservation. Furthermore, we discuss how insights into these regulatory pathways can be leveraged in modern breeding programs through the prioritization of candidate genes and molecular markers for marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and precision genome editing. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of TF-mediated drought responses will accelerate the development of resilient wheat cultivars, safeguarding sustainable production and global food security in water-limited environments.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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