نوع مقاله : مروری
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 گروه ژنتیک و به نژادی گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه. ارومیه، ایران
4 گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, cold, flooding, and heavy metal toxicity exert widespread negative impacts on plant growth, development, and productivity. One effective strategy to mitigate these challenges is the application of tissue culture techniques in plant biotechnology. While conventional breeding has long been used to develop superior stress tolerant genotypes, plant tissue culture offers an efficient and cost effective complementary approach. As a powerful tool for screening stress tolerance and elucidating physio biochemical responses under stress conditions, tissue culture enables rapid in vitro propagation and the production of thousands of clonal plants from a small explant, ensuring a reliable supply of genetically uniform plant material. Moreover, tissue culture provides an essential platform for plant transformation and regeneration, facilitating precise gene editing and transgenesis. Regeneration systems are fundamental for the successful integration of transgenes, genome editing, and the exploitation of somaclonal variation—processes that collectively broaden the genetic base and generate novel traits. These innovations not only accelerate the propagation of high yielding and stress tolerant plants but also support sustainable agricultural practices by reducing reliance on chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. This article, drawing on recent scientific advances, highlights the significance of in vitro based genetic modification approaches—including stress screening, callus culture, somaclonal variation, embryo rescue, mutagenesis, biolistics, Agrobacterium mediated transformation, and genome editing—in enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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