با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن بیوتکنولوژی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه اصلاح و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

3 دانشیار گروه اصلاح و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

بیماری ساقه سیاه یکی از مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های قارچی آفتابگردان است. استفاده از ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم به این بیماری یکی از اقتصادی‌ترین روش‌های کنترل آن است. در این مطالعه، میزان رونوشت ژن‌های فنیل آلانین آمونیا- لیاز 2 (PAL2) و پروتئین شبه توماتین (TLP) در ژنوتیپ‌های AS613 و ENSAT-B5 و ژنوتیپ جهش یافته M5-54-1 آفتابگردان بعد از آلودگی با جدایه‌های MA6، MP8 و MP10 قارچ Phoma macdonaldii Boerema عامل بیماری ساقه سیاه آفتابگردان با روش RT-PCR کمی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که سطح رونوشت ژن‌های PAL2 و TLP به طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر جدایه، ژنوتیپ و اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ- جدایه می‌باشد. در این مطالعه، میزان رونوشت ژن های PAL2 و TLP در برابر جدایه MP8 بیشترین افزایش را نشان داد. در بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه، میزان رونوشت ژن‌های PAL2 و TLP در ژنوتیپ ENSAT-B5 بیشترین افزایش را نشان داد. ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم و حساس به ترتیب دارای سطح بالا و پایین از رونوشت ژن های PAL2 و TLP بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of changes in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 (PAL2) and thaumatin-like protein (TLP) genes transcripts in sunflower genotypes in response to fungi isolates of Black stem disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arezo Mohamadian Farsani 1
  • Hamid Hatami Maleki 2
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 3
  • Faramarz Hoshyardel 1

1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

3 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Black stem disease is one of the most important fungi diseases of sunflower. The use of resistant genotypes is potentially one of the economical ways for its control. In this study, expression level of genes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 (PAL2) and thaumatin-like protein (TLP) were measured in sunflower genotypes including ENSAT-B5, AS613 and mutant genotype M5-54-1 infected with MA6, MP8 and MP10 isolates of Phoma macdonaldii via quantitative RT-PCR technique. Results revealed that transcript levels of the both PAL2 and TLP genes were significantly affected by isolate and genotype and genotype-isolate interactions. In this study, the expression levels of genes PAL2 and TLP showed higher increase against the MP8 isolate. Among studied genotypes, genotype ENSAT-B5 possessed highest increasing in expression levels of genes PAL2 and TLP. The resistant and susceptible genotypes had possessed high and low transcript levels of PAL2 and TLP and disease symptoms were seen in susceptible genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sunflower
  • Black stem disease
  • Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase2
  • Thaumatin like protein
  • Quantitative RT-PCR
Carson ML (1991) Relationship between Phoma black stem severity and yield losses in hybrid sunflower. Plant Dis. 75: 1150–1153.##Chang A, Lim MH, Lee SW, Robb EJ, Nazar RN (2008) Tomato PAL gene family: highly redundant but strongly underutilized. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 33591-33601.##Coca MA, Damsz B, Yun DJ, Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Narasimhan ML (2000) Heterotrimeric G-proteins of a filamentous fungus regulate cell wall composition and susceptibility to a plant PR-5 protein. Plant J. 22: 61–69.##Darvishzadeh R, Hewezi T, Gentzbittel L, Sarrafi A (2007) Differential expression of defense-related genes between compatible and partially compatible sunflower – Phoma macdonaldii interactions. Crop Prot. 27: 740-746.##Debaeke P, Peres A (2003) Influence of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop management on Phoma black stem (Phoma macdonaldii Boerema). Crop Prot. 22: 741–752.##Donofrio, NM, Delaney TP (2001) Abnormal callose response phenotype and hypersusceptibility to Peronospora parasitica in defense-compromised Arabidopsis nim 1–1 and salicylate hydroxylase-expressing plants. Mol. Plant–Microbe Interact. 14: 439–450.##El Ghaouth A, Wilson CL, Callahan A (2003) Induction of chitinase, beta- 1, 3 glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in peach fruit by UV-C treatment. Phytopathology 9: 349-355.##Fitzgerald HA, Chern MS, Navarre R, Ronald PC (2004) Overexpression of (At) NPR1 in rice leads to a BTH-and environment-induced lesion-mimic /cell death phenotype. Mol. Plant–Microbe Interact. 17(2): 140-151.##Gimeno J, Eattock N, Deynze AV, Blumwald E (2014) Selection and validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) using quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR. PLoS ONE 9: e91474.##Grover A, Gowthaman R (2003) Strategies for development of fungus-resistant transgenic plants. Curr. Sci. 84:330–340.##Habibi M, Mirakhorli N, Shiran B, Mardi M (2013) Study of resistance related gene expression pattern to Septoria tritici Blotch (STB) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Modern Genet. 2: 149-158. (In Farsi).##Hu J, Seiler G, Kole C (2010) Genetics, genomics and breeding of sunflower. Routledge, USA. Pp: 342.##Liu JJ, Sturrock R, Ekramoddoullah AKM (2010) The super family of thaumatin-like protein its origin, evolution and expression toward biological function. Plant Cell Rep. 29: 419-436.##Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2DDCT method. Methods 25: 402–408.##Mazeyrat F, Mouzeyar S, Courbou I, Badaoui S, Roeckel-Drevet P, Tourvieille de Labrouhe D, Ledoigt G (1999) Accumulation of defense related transcripts in sunflower hypocotyls (Helianthus annuus L.) infected with Plasmopara halstedii. Eur. J. Plant Pathol.105: 333–340.##Powell NM (2010) Phenotypic and genetic analysis of yellow rust resistance in the UK winter wheat cultivar Claire. Research final Report. Research, Education and Extension organization. Ph.D thesis. University of East Anglia, Norwich.##Punja KZ (2002) Genetic engineering of plants to enhance resistance to fungal pathogens – a review of progress and future prospects. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 23: 216-235.##Rauf S (2008) Breeding sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for drought tolerance. Commun. Biometry Crop Sci. 3: 29-44.##Roustaee A, Costes D, Dechamp-Guillaume G, Barrault G (2000b) Phenotypic variability of Leptosphaeria lindquistii (Phoma macdonaldii) a fungal pathogen of sunflower. Plant Pathol. 49: 227–234.##Tachi H, Fukuda-Yamada K, Kojima T, Shiraiwa M, Takahara H (2009) Molecular characterization of a novel soybean gene encoding a neutral PR-5 protein induced by high-salt stress. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47: 73-79.##Thomma BPHJ, Eggermont K, Penninckx IAMA, Mauch-Mani B, Vogelsang R (1998) Separate jasmonate-dependent and salicylate-dependent defense-response  pathways in Arabidopsis are  essential for resistance to distinct microbial pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95:15107–11.##Verwoerd TC, Dekker MM, Hockema A (1989) A small-scale procedure for the rapid isolation of plant RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res.17: 2362.##Zhan Quan Z, Shui Shan S, Ying Chun Z, Wen Xiang Y, Da Qun L (2009) Involvement of the heterotimeric G protein in the defense responses of wheat to  Puccinia triticina. Sci. Agric. Sinica 42(1):117-123.##