بهینه سازی تولید سریع کمپوست غنی شده از باگاس نیشکر با استفاده از فرایندهای بیوتکنولوژیک

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد دامغان، دامغان، خیابان چشمه علی بعد از شهرک گلستان

2 بخش تحقیقات ییوتکنولوژی میکروبی و ایمنی زیستی پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، کرج، بلوار شهید فهمیده، روبروی بانک کشاورزی، صندوق پستی: 31535-1897 ،

3 بخش تحقیقات فیزیولوژی مولکولی پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، کرج، بلوار شهید فهمیده، روبروی بانک کشاورزی، صندوق پستی: 31535-1897

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بهینه‌سازی تولید سریع بیوکمپوست از باگاس نیشکر با استفاده از ریزسازواره‌‌های بومی و سایر پسماندهای قابل دسترس بود. چهار سویه باکتریایی بومی با فعالیت بالای هیدرولازی در شرایط بهینه کشت و تولید شدند. تولید کمپوست در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی در کمپوسترهای آزمایشگاهی اجرا شد. در همه تیمارها (بجز شاهد)، باگاس، فیلتر کیک و ویناس به عنوان مواد پایه استفاده شدند و در هر کدام نیز بوستر میکروبی (107-106 سلول در گرم پسماند)، کود مرغی یا اوره استفاده شد. تیمارها شامل 1- کودمرغی و بوستر میکروبی، 2- کودمرغی، 3- کود اوره و بوستر میکروبی، 4- کود اوره، و 5- فقط باگاس (شاهد) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان افزایش دما (تا 58 درجه)، و بیشترین میزان کاهش C/N (9/15) و EC در تیمار 1 روی داد. بالاترین میزان محتویات فسفر (1/1 %)، پتاسیم ( 1%)، نیتروژن کل (2%) و نیترات (210 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) و همچنین پایین‌ترین میزان آمونیوم (67 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) به ترتیب در تیمارهای 1 و 2 مشاهده شد. بررسی سمیت کمپوست نهایی تیمارها بر جوانه‌زنی بذر ترتیزک نیز نشان داد که سریع‌ترین و بیشترین میزان جوانه‌زنی در کمپوست تیمار 1 و2 مشاهده شد. ارتفاع، وزن خشک و تر گیاهان گندم کشت شده در کمپوست حاصل از تیمار 1 بطور معنی‎داری بیش از سایر تیمارها بود. لذا حضور سویه‎های میکروبی و کود مرغی منجر به کاهش معنی‎دار زمان فرایند، بلوغ کامل و افزایش کیفیت کودی کمپوست تولیدی از پسماندهای نیشکر شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Fast production of enriched biocompost from sugarcane baggase using biotechnological process

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farid Sarkamarian 1
  • Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani 2
  • Foad Moradi 3
1 M.Sc. student of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Collegue of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch. Damghan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor in Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor in Molecular Physiology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The objective of the present study was to optimize fast production of enriched biocompost from sugarcane bagasse using native effective microorganisms and also other available materials. Four native bacterial strains with high hydrolase activities were produced at their optimized fermentation conditions. The compost production experiments were performed in the format of completely randomized design (CRD). Bagasse, filter cake and vinasses were used as base materials in all treatments (exception for control). The microbial cocktail (106-107 cells/g waste), chicken manure or urea was used as improvers. The treatments were as follows: T1- chicken manure and microbial cocktail, T2-chicken manure, T3- urea and micronial cocktail, T4- urea, and T5- control (only bagasse). The maximum temperature increase (upo to 58°C), the maximum C/N ratio (15.9) and EC reductions was observed for T1, followed by T2. The highest phosphorous (1.1%), potassium (1%), total nitrogen (2%) and nitrate (210 mg/kg) and also the lowest ammonia (67 mg/kg) contents were observed in T1. Evaluation of the phytotoxicity effects of the produced composts on cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds germination showed that the fastest and maximum germination was observed for T1 and T2, respectively. The wheats cultured on the compost produced from T1 showed significantly higher height, and fresh and dry weights compared to other treatments. So, the results of the present study showed that the presence of microbial strains ans chicken manure enhanced a significant reduction inprocess period, compost maturity and finally production of high quality compost from sugarcane wastes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bagasse
  • Compost
  • Chicken manure
  • Effective microorganisms

مراجع

Abbasi MK, Musa N, Manzoor M (2015) Mineralization of soluble P fertilizers and insoluble rock phosphate in response to phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and poultry manure and their effect on the growth and P utilization efficiency of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Biogeosci. 12: 4607-4619.
Atkinson CF, Jones DD, Gauthier JJ (1996) Biodegradabilities and microbial activities during composting of oxidation ditch sludge. Compost. Sci. Utiliz. 4: 84-96.
Baethgen WE, Alley MM (1989) A manual colorimetric procedure for measuring ammonium nitrogen in soil and plant Kjeldahl digests. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Ana. 20: 961-969.
Chandel AK, Silvio S da Silva, Carvalhoa W, Om V Singhb (2012) Sugarcane bagasse and leaves: foreseeable biomass of biofuel and bio-products. J Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 87: 11-20
Chang JI, Hsu TE (2008) Effects of compositions on food waste composting. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 8068–8074.
Dantas GA, Legey LF, Mazzone A (2013) Energy from sugarcane bagasse in Brazil: An assessment of the productivity and cost of different technological routes. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 21: 356-364.
Dehghani R, Charkhloo E, Mostafaii GH, Asadi MA, Mousavi GA, Saffari M, Pourbabaei M. (2011) A study on the variations of temperature, moisture, pH and carbon to nitrogen ratio in producing compost by stack method. J.Kashan Univ. Medical Sci. 15: 359-365.
Dev TB, Kronzucke HJ (2002) NH4+ toxicity in higher plants: a critical review, J. Plant Physiol., 159: 567–584.
Ellahi M (2005) Baggase and filter cake; an organic fertilizer for sugarcane. Dissertation (pedology), Shahid Chamran University (Persian).
 Fernández JM, Hernández D, Plaza C, Polo A (2007) Organic matter in degraded agricultural soils amended with composted and thermally-dried sewage sludges. Sci. Total Environ. 378: p. 75-80.
Finstein MS, Morris ML (1975) Microbiology of municipal solid waste composting. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 19: 113-151.
Formowitz B, Elango F, Okumoto S, Müller T, Buerkert A (2007) The role of “effective microorganisms” in the composting of banana residues. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 170: 649-656.
Ghaffari S, Akhavan AS, Razavi MR, Malekzadeh F, Haydarian H (2011) Effectiveness of inoculation with isolated Anoxybacillus sp. MGA110 on municipal solid waste composting process. African J. Microbiol. Res. 5: 5373-5378.
Hemayati S, Hamdi H, Taleghani D, Amili H (2011) National strategic plan of sugarcane research. Sugar beet Seed Institute (SBSI) and Sugarcane and byproducts Research, Education and Development Institute (Persian).  
Iqbal MK, Khan A, Nadeem A, Hussnain A (2012) Comparative study of different techniques of composting and their stability evaluation in municipal solid waste. J. Chem. Soc. Pakistan. 34: 273-274.
 Ishii K, Fukui M, Takii S (2000) Microbial succession during a composting process as evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89: 768-777.
Ismayana A, Siswi Indrasti N, Sane T (2013) Co-composting process of bagasse and sludge from sugarcane industry with influence of difference initial C/N value and aeration. Proceedings of Bogor Agricultural University (http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/67800).
Jayapal N, Samanta AK, Kolte AP, Senani S, Sridhar M, Suresh KP, Sampath KT (2013) Value addition to sugarcane bagasse: Xylan extraction and its process optimization for xylooligosaccharides production. Ind. Crops Prod., 42, 14-24.
 Jeong S, Moon HS, Nam K, Kim JY, Kim TS (2012) Application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for enhancing bioavailability and phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from polluted soil. Chemosphere, 88, 204-210.
Jusoh MLC, Manaf LA, Latiff PA (2013) Composting of rice straw with effective microorganisms (EM) and its influence on compost quality. Iranian J. Eenviron. Health Sci. Eng. 10: 17-17.
Kavitha R, Subramanian P (2007) Bioactive compost- a value added compost w microbial inoculants and organic additives, J. Appl. Sci. 7: 2514-2518.
Li J, Wei X, Wang Q, Chen J, Chang G, Kong L, Liu Y (2012) Homogeneous isolation of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse by high pressure homogenization. Carbohydrate Polymers. 90: 1609-1613.
Meunchang S, Panichsakpatana S, Weaver RW (2005) Co-composting of filter cake and bagasse; by-products from a sugar mill. Bioresour. Technol. 96: 437-442.
Mohammadi Goltapeh A (1997) Production of organic fertilizer from sugarcane baggase. Sugar Journal (Shekar Shekan), 13 and 14.
Mohammadian Fard Z, Askari Bezayeh H (2013) Production of compost and vermicompost from sugarcane wastes. In: Proceeding of the Second National Congerss on Food Science and Technology (Persian).
Moore JE, Watabe M, Stewart A, Cherie Millar B, Rao JR (2009) A novel challenge test incorporating irradiation((60)co) of compost sub-samples to validate thermal lethality towards pathogenic bacteria. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 72: 144-153.
Nishanth D, Biswas DR (2008) Kinetics of phosphorus and potassium release from rock phosphate and waste mica enriched compost and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum). Bioresour. Technol. 99: 3342-3353.
Oleszczuk P (2008) The toxicity of composts from sewage sludges evaluated by the direct contact tests phytotoxkit and ostracodtoxkit. Waste Manage. 28: 1645-1660.
Pathak AK, Singh MM, Kumara V, Arya S, Trivedi AK (2012) Assessment of physico-chemical properties and microbial community during composting of municipal solid waste (Viz. Kitchen waste) at Jhansi City, UP (India). Recent Res. Sci. Technol. 4: 10-14.
Pepe O, Ventorino V, Blaiotta G (2013) Dynamic of functional microbial groups during mesophilic composting of agro-industrial wastes and free-living (N 2)-fixing bacteria application. Waste Manage. 33: 1616-1625.
Pourmazaheri H, Salehi Jouzani Gh, Khayam Nekouei SM, Tabatabaei M, Maali Amiri R, Soheilivand S, Karimi E, Ghanavati H, Mirdamadian SH (2013) Evaluation of some native bacteria isolated during the composting process. J. Agri. Biotechnol. 5: 1-11 (Persian).
Raut MP, Prince SP, William M, Bhattacharyya JK, Chakrabarti T, Thompson WH (2002) Test methods for the examination of composting and compost. Composting Council Research and Education Foundation, Washington, DC USDA.
Rezende CA, de Lima MA, Maziero P, deAzevedo ER, Garcia W, Polikarpov I (2011) Chemical and morphological characterization of sugarcane bagasse submitted to a delignification process for enhanced enzymatic digestibility, Biotechnol. Biofuels 4: 54.
Said AEAA, Aly AA, El-Wahab MMA, Soliman SA, El-Hafez AAA, Helmey V, Goda MN (2012). Potential application of propionic acid modified sugarcane bagasse for removing of basic and acid dyes from industrial wastewater. Resour. Environ. 2: 93-99.
Singh A, Sharma S (2002) Composting of a crop residue through treatment with microorganisms and subsequent vermicomposting. Bioresour. Technol. 85: 107-111.
Sundberg C, Jönsson H (2008) Higher pH and faster Decomposition in Biowaste Composting by Increased Aeration. Waste Manage. 28: 518-526.
Tian W, Sun Q, Xu D, Zhang Z, Chen D, Li C, Shen B (2013). Succession of bacterial communities during composting process as detected by 16S rRNA clone libraries analysis. Int. Biodeterior. Biodeg. 78: 58-66.
Tiquia SM (2005) Microbiological parameters as indicators of compost maturity. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99: 816-828.
Torkashvand A, Mohammadi A, Radmehr S, Nadian H (2012) The use of Thricoderma fungi with nitrogen and pH treatments in the compost Production of cane organic wastes. In: Proceeding of the 1th International and the 4th National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture.
Wadkar DV, Modak PR, Chavan VS (2013) Aerobic thermophilic composting of municipal solid waste. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 5: 716-718.
Wang CM, Changa CM, Watson ME, Dick WA, Chen Y, Hoitink HAJ (2004) Maturity indices of composted dairy and pig manures. Soil Biol. Biochem. 36:767-776
Wei YS, Fan YB, Wang MJ, Wang JS (2000) Composting and compost application in China. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 30: 277-300.
Wu L, Ma LQ, Martinez GA (2001) Comparison of methods for evaluating stability and maturity of biosolids compost. J. Environ. Qual. 29: 424-429.
Xi BD, Liu HL, Zeng GM, Huang GH, Bai QZ (2002) Composting MSW and sewage sludge with effective complex microorganisms. J. Environ. Sci.  14: 264-268.
Zayed G, Abdel-Motaal H (2005) Bio-production of compost with low pH and high soluble phosphorus from sugar cane bagasse enriched with rock phosphate. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21: 747-752.
Zucconi F, de Bertoldi M (1987) Compost specification for production and characterisation of compost from municipal soild waste. In: de Bertoldi, M., Ferranti, M., L Hermit, P., Zucconi, F. (Eds.), Compost, production, Quality and Use. Elsevier, London, 30-50.
 
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار