با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن بیوتکنولوژی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد دامغان، دامغان، خیابان چشمه علی بعد از شهرک گلستان

2 بخش تحقیقات ییوتکنولوژی میکروبی و ایمنی زیستی پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، کرج، بلوار شهید فهمیده، روبروی بانک کشاورزی، صندوق پستی: 31535-1897 ،

3 بخش تحقیقات فیزیولوژی مولکولی پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، کرج، بلوار شهید فهمیده، روبروی بانک کشاورزی، صندوق پستی: 31535-1897

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بهینه‌سازی تولید سریع بیوکمپوست از باگاس نیشکر با استفاده از ریزسازواره‌‌های بومی و سایر پسماندهای قابل دسترس بود. چهار سویه باکتریایی بومی با فعالیت بالای هیدرولازی در شرایط بهینه کشت و تولید شدند. تولید کمپوست در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی در کمپوسترهای آزمایشگاهی اجرا شد. در همه تیمارها (بجز شاهد)، باگاس، فیلتر کیک و ویناس به عنوان مواد پایه استفاده شدند و در هر کدام نیز بوستر میکروبی (107-106 سلول در گرم پسماند)، کود مرغی یا اوره استفاده شد. تیمارها شامل 1- کودمرغی و بوستر میکروبی، 2- کودمرغی، 3- کود اوره و بوستر میکروبی، 4- کود اوره، و 5- فقط باگاس (شاهد) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان افزایش دما (تا 58 درجه)، و بیشترین میزان کاهش C/N (9/15) و EC در تیمار 1 روی داد. بالاترین میزان محتویات فسفر (1/1 %)، پتاسیم ( 1%)، نیتروژن کل (2%) و نیترات (210 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) و همچنین پایین‌ترین میزان آمونیوم (67 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) به ترتیب در تیمارهای 1 و 2 مشاهده شد. بررسی سمیت کمپوست نهایی تیمارها بر جوانه‌زنی بذر ترتیزک نیز نشان داد که سریع‌ترین و بیشترین میزان جوانه‌زنی در کمپوست تیمار 1 و2 مشاهده شد. ارتفاع، وزن خشک و تر گیاهان گندم کشت شده در کمپوست حاصل از تیمار 1 بطور معنی‎داری بیش از سایر تیمارها بود. لذا حضور سویه‎های میکروبی و کود مرغی منجر به کاهش معنی‎دار زمان فرایند، بلوغ کامل و افزایش کیفیت کودی کمپوست تولیدی از پسماندهای نیشکر شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Fast production of enriched biocompost from sugarcane baggase using biotechnological process

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farid Sarkamarian 1
  • Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani 2
  • Foad Moradi 3

1 M.Sc. student of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Collegue of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch. Damghan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor in Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor in Molecular Physiology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The objective of the present study was to optimize fast production of enriched biocompost from sugarcane bagasse using native effective microorganisms and also other available materials. Four native bacterial strains with high hydrolase activities were produced at their optimized fermentation conditions. The compost production experiments were performed in the format of completely randomized design (CRD). Bagasse, filter cake and vinasses were used as base materials in all treatments (exception for control). The microbial cocktail (106-107 cells/g waste), chicken manure or urea was used as improvers. The treatments were as follows: T1- chicken manure and microbial cocktail, T2-chicken manure, T3- urea and micronial cocktail, T4- urea, and T5- control (only bagasse). The maximum temperature increase (upo to 58°C), the maximum C/N ratio (15.9) and EC reductions was observed for T1, followed by T2. The highest phosphorous (1.1%), potassium (1%), total nitrogen (2%) and nitrate (210 mg/kg) and also the lowest ammonia (67 mg/kg) contents were observed in T1. Evaluation of the phytotoxicity effects of the produced composts on cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds germination showed that the fastest and maximum germination was observed for T1 and T2, respectively. The wheats cultured on the compost produced from T1 showed significantly higher height, and fresh and dry weights compared to other treatments. So, the results of the present study showed that the presence of microbial strains ans chicken manure enhanced a significant reduction inprocess period, compost maturity and finally production of high quality compost from sugarcane wastes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bagasse
  • Compost
  • Chicken manure
  • Effective microorganisms
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