جداسازی، شناسایی و مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی جدایه‌های قارچ Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoen. عامل بیماری لکه‌سوختگی گندم با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته مقطع کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج، سنندج، ایران

2 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

بیماری لکه سوختگی گندم توسط Bipolaris sorokiniana ایجاد شده و در بسیاری از مناطق جهان به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین بیماری های گندم مطرح است. اطلاعات درباره ساختار ژنتیکی بیمارگرها از اهمیت فراوانی برای انتخاب استراتژی مناسب در کنترل بیماری برخوردار می باشد. در این تحقیق از نمونه های جمع آوری شده از استان های مازندران و گلستان در مجموع تعداد 46 جدایه با موفقیت جدا، خالص و شناسایی شد. آزمایش‎های بیماری‌زایی نیز نشان داد که عامل بیماری قادر به ایجاد علایم تیپیک لکه سوختگی روی رقم حساس بولانی است. بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی قارچ عامل بیماری با استفاده از 17 نشانگر ISSR و RAPD نشان داد که از تعداد 179 باند تکثیر شده 98 باند آن چندشکل بودند. میانگین باندهای تولید شده توسط این نشانگرها 4/10 باند و میانگین باندهای پلی مورف 6/5 با ازای هر نشانگر محاسبه شد. میانگین ارزش PIC برای نشانگرهای مورد استفاده 32/0 بوده که بیشترین PIC مربوط به نشانگر UBC874 از نوع ISSR با ارزش 41/0 و کمترین آن مربوط به نشانگر OPF2 از نوع RAPD با میزان 18/0 محاسبه شد. تجزیه خوشه ای داده های حاصل از الگوهای باندی نشان داد که جمعیت های این قارچ از تنوع بالایی برخوردار می باشند. بر اساس تجزیه bootstrap جمعیت های قارچی مورد مطالعه با فاصله ژنتیکی زیادی 7 گروه متمایز را تشکیل می دهند. تمایز بالای گروه های متعلق به مناطق مختلف جغرافیایی از یکدیگر نشان می‎دهد که تفاوت ژنتیکی بالایی بین جمعیت‌های قارچی در مناطق مختلف وجود دارد که بیانگر سازگاری جمعیت های قارچی در شرایط اقلیمی متفاوت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation, characterization and genetic diversity analysis of Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoen., the causal agent of spot blotch of wheat using molecular markers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asrin Aghemiri 1
  • Rahim Mehrabi 2
  • Reza Talebi 3
1 M.Sc. Department of Microbilogy, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. The knowledge about genetic structure of fungal pathogens is important to design appropriate strategy to control the disease. In this study, a total of 46 samples were isolated, purified and characterized from samples collected from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Pathogenicity tests showed that isolates were able to cause typical spot blotch symptoms on Bulani as the susceptible cultivar. Genetic diversity analysis of isolates using 17 ISSR and RAPD markers showed that out of 179 amplified bands, 98 were polymorphic. The average of amplified bands for each marker was 10.4, while the average of polymorphic bands was calculated 5.6 for each marker. The average PIC value was 0.32 ranging from the highest PIC value (0.41) for the ISSR marker, UBC874, to the lowest PIC value (0.18) for the RAPD marker, OPF2. Cluster analysis of banding pattern data showed that populations of this fungus had a high genetic diversity. Based on bootstrap analysis the isolates were differentiated with a high genetic distance to seven distinct groups. Highly distinct clusters belonging to different geographic regions revealed that there were high genetic differences between fungal populations indicating that fungal populations might be adapted to different climate regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • Spot blotch
  • Molecular markers
  • Genetic Diversity
  • ISSR and RAPD markers

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