نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه زیست شناسی سیستم ها، پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
2 استادیار گروه زیست شناسی سیستم ها، پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی کرج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abiotic stresses are among major factors limiting crop yields, and SnRK2 protein kinases are one of the key regulators of plant response to abiotic stresses. Due to the economic importance, cultivation area, and tolerance of barley to the abiotic stresses, identification and characterization of SnRK2 family members in barley is performed in present research. SnRK2 conserved sequences were used as a query for tBLASTn analysis in different databases such as NCBI and international barley sequencing consortium against all of the reported barley sequences. As a result, 10 members were identified (HvSnRK2.1 to HvSnRK2.10) which 8 of them were not yet reported. These HvSnRK2 members were aligned with AtSnRK2s and OsSnRK2s and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Detection of chromosomal localization, promoter analysis and gene structure determination was also performed. Half of the family members were located on chromosome 2 and the rest on chromosomes 1, 4, 5 and 6. Number of introns in the gene family members varied from 0 to 8. Totally, 19 sorts of cis elements including abiotic stress responsive elements were found in HvSnRK2s promoter sequences. Expression pattern of the family members were evaluated in different tissues, treatments and genotypes, based on the microarray data. Expression of HvSnRK2.6 was up-regulated by drought, salt and cold stresses implementing its important role in signal transduction of these stresses and tolerance induction to them. It is expected that this gene could be used in plant manipulation and breeding programs aimed for tolerance enhancement to abiotic stresses especially drought.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Abebe T, Melmaiee K, Berg V, Wise RP (2010) Drought response in the spikes of barley: gene expression in the lemma, palea, awn, and seed. Functional & Integrative Genomics. 10(2): 191-205.
Belin C (2006) Structure et fonctions de la protéine kinase OST1 dans la cellule de garde d'Arabidopsis thaliana. Ph.D. Thesis. Université Paris Sud-Paris XI, Paris, France.
Boudsocq M, Barbier-Brygoo H, Laurière C (2004) Identification of nine sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinases 2 activated by hyperosmotic and saline stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279(40): 41758-41766.
Chang WC, Lee TY, Huang HD, Huang HY, Pan RL (2008) Plant PAN: Plant promoter analysis navigator, for identifying combinatorial cis-regulatory elements with distance constraint in plant gene groups. BMC Genomics. 9(1): 561.
Chatterjee S, Pal JK (2009) Role of 5′‐and 3′‐untranslated regions of mRNAs in human diseases. Biology of the Cell. 101(5): 251-262.
Churbanov A, Rogozin I B, Babenko VN, Ali H, Koonin EV (2005) Evolutionary conservation suggests a regulatory function of AUG triplets in 5′-UTRs of eukaryotic genes. Nucleic Acids Research. 33(17): 5512-5520.
Crowe M, Wang XQ, Rothnagel J (2006) Evidence for conservation and selection of upstream open reading frames suggests probable encoding of bioactive peptides. BMC Genomics. 7(1): 16.
Dai X, Zhao PX (2011) psRNATarget: a plant small RNA target analysis server. Nucleic Acids Research. 39(suppl 2): W155-W159.
Dever TE (2002) Gene-specific regulation by general translation factors. Cell. 108(4): 545-556.
Dunn M A, White AJ, Vural S, Hughes MA (1998) Identification of promoter elements in a low-temperature-responsive gene (blt4. 9) from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Molecular Biology. 38(4): 551-564.
Greenup AG, Sasani S, Oliver SN, Walford SA, Millar AA, Trevaskis B (2011) Transcriptome analysis of the vernalization response in barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings. PLoS One. 6(3): e17900.
Gubler F, Raventos D, Keys M, Watts R, Mundy J, Jacobsen JV (1999) Target genes and regulatory domains of the GAMYB transcriptional activator in cereal aleurone. The Plant Journal. 17(1): 1-9.
Halford NG, Hardie DG (1998) SNF1-related protein kinases: global regulators of carbon metabolism in plants? Plant Molecular Biology. 37(5): 735-748.
Hayden CA, Jorgensen RA (2007) Identification of novel conserved peptide uORF homology groups in Arabidopsis and rice reveals ancient eukaryotic origin of select groups and preferential association with transcription factor-encoding genes. BMC Biology. 5(1): 32.
Holappa LD, Walker-Simmons M (1995) The wheat abscisic acid-responsive protein kinase mRNA, PKABA1, is up-regulated by dehydration, cold temperature, and osmotic stress. Plant Physiology. 108(3): 1203-1210.
Hong X, Scofield DG, Lynch M (2006) Intron size, abundance, and distribution within untranslated regions of genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23(12): 2392-2404.
Ishiguro S, Nakamura K (1994) Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel DNA-binding protein, SPF1, that recognizes SP8 sequences in the 5′ upstream regions of genes coding for sporamin and β-amylase from sweet potato. Molecular and General Genetics MGG. 244(6): 563-571.
Jones-Rhoades M W, Bartel D P, Bartel B (2006) MicroRNAs and their regulatory roles in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57: 19-53.
Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto S, Minami H, Kagaya Y, Hattori T (2004) Differential activation of the rice sucrose nonfermenting1–related protein kinase2 family by hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid. The Plant Cell Online. 16(5): 1163-1177.
Kulik A, Wawer I, Krzywińska E, Bucholc M, Dobrowolska G (2011) SnRK2 protein kinases-key regulators of plant response to abiotic stresses. Omics: A Journal Of Integrative Biology. 15(12): 859-872.
Larkin M, Blackshields G, Brown N, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Lopez R (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics. 23(21): 2947-2948.
Mangelsen E, Kilian J, Harter K, Jansson C, Wanke D, Sundberg E (2010) Transcriptome analysis of high-temperature stress in developing barley caryopses: early stress responses and effects on storage compound biosynthesis. Molecular Plant: ssq058.
Masoudi-Nejad A, Tonomura K, Kawashima S, Moriya Y, Suzuki M, Itoh M, Goto S (2006) EGassembler: online bioinformatics service for large-scale processing, clustering and assembling ESTs and genomic DNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Research. 34(suppl 2): W459-W462.
Mignone F, Gissi C, Liuni S, Pesole G (2002) Untranslated regions of mRNAs. Genome Biol. 3(3): 1-10.
Mihailovich M, Thermann R, Grohovaz F, Hentze MW, Zacchetti D (2007) Complex translational regulation of BACE1 involves upstream AUGs and stimulatory elements within the 5′ untranslated region. Nucleic Acids Research. 35(9): 2975-2985.
Ministry-of-Agriculture-Jihad (2011) Statistics of crops production. Retrieved July 30, 2014, from http://www.maj.ir/Portal/Home/Default.aspx?CategoryID=95a8e7d0-e5f0-4f2d-a241-792106c74dcc.
MoritaŚ A, Umemuraś T-a, Kuroyanagiś M, Futsuharaś Y (1998) Functional dissection of a sugar-repressed K-amylase gene (RAmy1A) promoter in rice embryos. FEBS Letters. 423(81): 85.
Neafsey DE, Galagan JE (2007) Dual modes of natural selection on upstream open reading frames. Molecular Biology And Evolution. 24(8): 1744-1751.
Reinhart BJ, Weinstein E G, Rhoades MW, Bartel B, Bartel DP (2002) MicroRNAs in plants. Genes & Development. 16(13): 1616-1626.
Rubio V, Linhares F, Solano R, Martín AC, Iglesias J, Leyva A, Paz-Ares J (2001) A conserved MYB transcription factor involved in phosphate starvation signaling both in vascular plants and in unicellular algae. Genes & Development. 15(16): 2122-2133.
Svensson JT, Crosatti C, Campoli C, Bassi R, Stanca AM, Close TJ, Cattivelli L (2006) Transcriptome analysis of cold acclimation in barley Albina and Xantha mutants. Plant Physiology. 141(1): 257-270.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. Molecular Biology And Evolution. 30(12): 2725-2729.
Thum KE, Kim M, Morishige DT, Eibl C, Koop HU, Mullet JE (2001) Analysis of barley chloroplast psbD light-responsive promoter elements in transplastomic tobacco. Plant Molecular Biology. 47(3): 353-366.
Wegrzyn J, Drudge T, Valafar F, Hook V (2008) Bioinformatic analyses of mammalian 5'-UTR sequence properties of mRNAs predicts alternative translation initiation sites. BMC Bioinformatics. 9(1): 232.
Xue GP (2002) Characterisation of the DNA‐binding profile of barley HvCBF1 using an enzymatic method for rapid, quantitative and high‐throughput analysis of the DNA‐binding activity. Nucleic Acids Research. 30(15): e77.
Xue GP (2003) The DNA‐binding activity of an AP2 transcriptional activator HvCBF2 involved in regulation of low‐temperature responsive genes in barley is modulated by temperature. The Plant Journal. 33(2): 373-383.
Zhang H, Mao X, Jing R, Chang X, Xie H (2011) Characterization of a common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaSnRK2. 7 gene involved in abiotic stress responses. Journal of Experimental Botany. 62(3): 975-988.
Zhang H, Mao X, Wang C, Jing R (2010) Overexpression of a common wheat gene TaSnRK2. 8 enhances tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature in Arabidopsis. PLoS One. 5(12): e16041.
)