بیان گذرای ژن در گیاهان و کاربردهای آن در کشاورزی مولکولی و شناسایی عملکرد ژن‌ها

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشی، بخش مهندسی ژنتیک و ایمنی زیستی، پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

تراریختی گذرای گیاهان روشی مفید و در برخی موارد جایگزینی مناسب برای تراریختی پایدار به ویژه در غلات، گیاهان درختی و گیاهانی است که باززایی و یا تراریختی آنها با مشکل مواجه است. در این روش در زمانی کوتاه تعداد زیادی از نسخه‌های تراژن وارد سلول گیاهی شده، رونویسی و ترجمه می‌شوند و چون توالی DNA در ژنوم میزبان وارد نمی‌شود، بیان ژن تحت تاثیر محل درج و تغییرات اپی‌ژنتیکی قرار نمیگیرد. تراریختی گذرا روشی مفید و کارآمد در مطالعات بررسی عملکرد ژن‌ها مانند بیش بیان ژن، خاموش کردن ژن، شبکه بیانی ژن‌ها، تعیین محل استقرار پروتئین، بررسی پروموتر، شناسایی مسیرهای بیوسنتزی و ... است. همچنین استفاده از این روش در صنایع بیوتکنولوژی همچون تولید پروتئین‌های نوترکیب (پلنتی‌بادی‌ها، واکسن‏ها و ترکیبات دارویی) رشد فزاینده‌ای داشته است. انتقال ژن در گیاهان با روش‌های مختلفی انجام می‌شود که در بسیاری از موارد این روش‌ها با هم همپوشانی داشته و از تلفیق آنها برای بیان‌گذرا استفاده می‌شود. در مقاله حاضر انواع روش‌های انتقال و بیان‌گذرای ژن، مزایا و معایب آنها و آخرین پیشرفت‌ها در ارتباط با بیان‌گذرا در گیاهان مدل و زراعی مطرح شده است. همچنین قابلیت‌ها و محدودیت‌های این روش‌ها در تحقیقات و صنعت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Transient gene expression in plants and its application in molecular farming and functional genomics

نویسنده [English]

  • Katayoun Zamani
Assistant Professor, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Transient expression is widely used as an alternative method for stable transformation of plants, especially cereals, trees and recalcitrants. In this method, multiple copies of transgene are introduced in to the plant cell and then are transcribed and translated. As introduced gene is not integrated in the genome, its expression is not affected by epigenetic factors and the location of insertion. Transient expression is a convenient method for functional analysis of genes including overexpression, silencing, gene expression networks, protein localization, promoter analysis, identification of biosynthesis pathways and so on. Additionally, this method is applied in biotechnological industries like production of recombinant proteins. Transient transformation is performed by different methods, however, many of them have overlap. So, a combination of these methods can be used for transient expression. In this review, various transient transformation techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, latest progress regarding transient expression in model and crop plants and potential and limitations regarding the application of transient expression technique in science and industry will be discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • transient expression
  • gene function
  • Transformation
  • agroinfiltration
  • recombinant protein
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