تحریک پاسخ‌های دفاعی گیاه Phaseolus vulgaris به Rhizoctonia solani با استفاده از قارچ‌کش بیولوژیک

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج

2 پژوهشکده کشاورزی هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

بیماری مرگ گیاهچه یکی از بیماری‌های عمده Phaseolus vulgaris در نقاط مختلف کشور است. به‌دلیل خاک‌زاد بودن عوامل مرگ گیاهچه، استفاده از سموم شیمیایی نتیجه رضایت‌بخشی به بار نمی‌آورد، به همین جهت در سال‌های اخیر توجه زیادی به مهار زیستی به‌خصوص با استفاده از قارچ‌ تریکودرما شده است. یکی از مکانیسم‌های تریکودرما، تحریک سیستم دفاعی گیاه است. در تحقیق حاضر از پنج گونه‌ تریکودرما (هارزیانوم، ویریده، وارینس، اتروویریده و کنینجی) برای مقاومت در گیاه لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris) علیه Rhizoctonia solani استفاده شد. برای بررسی تأثیر القای جهش در ژنوم تریکودرما در میزان القای مقاومت در گیاه، از هر گونه موتانت برتر آن نیز برای تیمار گیاهان استفاده شد. آزمایش‌ها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شدند. عملکرد، غلظت مالون‌دی‌الدهید، پرولین، کلروفیل a، b و کارتنوئیدها و پروتئین گیاهان تحت تیمار در گلخانه ارزیابی شد. داده‌ها نشان دادند، موتانت‌های این گونه‌های تریکودرما توانایی بیوکنترل بیماری بالاتری از والد همان گونه‌ها دارند که قدرت رقابت قارچ‌کش زیستی تهیه‌شده از موتانت‌ها را در مقایسه با قارچکش زیستی گونه‌های والد یا سموم شیمیایی بالاتر برد. میزان پروتئین محلول، فعالیت آنزیم‌ها و کلروفیل a، b و کارتنوئید در تیمارهای تریکودرما در مقایسه با شاهد تلقیح‌شده با بیمارگر افزایش یافت. در مجموع نتایج این آزمایش‌ها نشان داد، فرمولاسیون‌های پوشش بذر با قارچ‌های تریکودرمای موتانت و والد نسبت به سایر فرمولاسیون‌ها در کنترل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه و القای مقاومت در لوبیا دارای کارایی بهتری هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Induction of Resistance Related Responses of Phaseolus vulgaris to Rhizoctonia solani by Bio-fungicides

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra rezaloo 1
  • Samira Shahbazi 2
  • Hamed Askari 2
1 Seed Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Alborz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Damping-off is one of the major diseases of Phaseolus vulgaris in different parts of the country. Because damping-off agents are soil-borne, the use of chemical methods had not satisfactory results, therefore, in recent years much attention has been paid to the biological struggle, especially the use of Trichoderma fungi. One of the Trichoderma mechanism is the induction of the plant's defense system. In this research, five spices of Trichoderma harzaianum, T. viride, T. Konigi, T. atroviride, T. virense were used to induce resistance of bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) against Rhizoctonia solani. In order to investigate the effect of mutation induction in the Trichoderma genome on the rate of plant resistance induction, five superior mutants (from each Trichoderma spices) were used for treatment of plants. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Yield, malondialdehyde, proline, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and protein concentration in treated plants in greenhouse condition were evaluated. The data from the evaluations showed that the mutants of these Trichoderma species decrease the diseases incidence more than the same wild type Trichoderma species, which lead to increase the bio control potential of mutant based bio-fungicides in competitive with wild type based or chemical compounds. The amount of soluble protein, enzymes activity, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids increased in Trichoderma treatments compared to control (pathogen treatment). The results of these experiments showed that seed coating formulations (mutant and wild) had better efficiency than other formulations for controlling damping-off disease and resistance induction in bean plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Trichoderma
  • Rhizoctonia solani
  • Induced Resistance
  • Phaseolus vulgaris

مراجع

Abdol Qayoom R, Saleem S (2015) growth and sporulation of Trichoderma polyspprum on organic substrates by addition of carbon and nitrogen sources, pest and disease research lab. Department of agriculture and agribusiness management, University of Karachi-75270. 47(3); 979-986.
Abuamsha R, Salman M, Ehlers RU (2011) Effect of seed priming Serratia plymutica and Pseudomonas chlororaphis to control Leptospheria maculans in different oilseed rape cultivars Ruba & Mazen. Eur. J. Plant Pathology. 130: 287-295.
Anith KN, Faseela KM, Archana PA, Prathan KD (2011) Compatibility of Piriformospora indica and Tricoderma harzianum as dual inoculants in black papper (piper nigrum L.). Symbiosis, 55:11-17.
Arnon AN (1967) Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal. 23: 112-121.
Barker RDJ, Derbyshir E, Yarwood A, Boulter D (1976) Purification and characterization of the major storage proteins of Phaseolus vulgaris seed, and their intracellular and cotyledonary distribution. Phytochemistry. 15: 751-757.
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Terae ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39: 205-207.
Begum, MM, Saraih M, Puteh AB, Zianal Abidin MA, Rahman MA, Siddiqui Y (2010) Field performance of bioprimed seeds to suppress Colletotrichum truncatum causing damping off and seedling stand of soy bean. Biological Control. 53: 18-23.
Boroujerdnia M, Behematha MR, Alami SK, Abdusi V (1395) Effect of drought stress on proline content, soluble carbohydrates, electrolyte leakage and relative water content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Plant Growth Physiology. Eighth Year, Number 29, Spring.
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry Quantities. 72: 248-254.
Cavalcante, FR, Lima PMS, Silva SLF, Viegas RA, Silveira JAG (2008) Roots and leaves display contrasting Oxidative response during salt stress and recovery in cowpea. Journal of Plant Physiology. 164: 591-600.
Fravel DR, Rhodes DJ, Larkin RP (1999) Production and commercialization of biocontrol products. In: integrated pest and disease management in greenhouse crops (Albrajes, R., Lodovica Gullino, M., Van Lenteren, J. C and Elad, Y. eds.,) Kluwer Academic publishers, Boston pp. 365-376.
Gunez, A, Inal A, Alpuslan M, Fraslan F, Guneri E, Cicek N (2007) Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology. 164: 728-736.

Haggag WM, Abo-sedera SA (2005) Characteristics of three Trichoderma species in peanut haulms compost involved in biocontrol of cumin wilt disease. International Journal Agriculture Biology. 7(2): 222-229.
Health RL, Packer L (1968) Photo peroxidation in isolated chlorI. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 125: 189-198.
Howell CR (1998) Effect of Gliocladium virens on Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, and damping- off of cotton seedlings. Phytopathology. 72:496-498.
Kapoor R, Giri B, Mukerji KG (2004) Improvement growth and essential oil yield and quality in foeniculum vulgar mill on mycorrizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology. 93: 703- 311.
Kim DS. Cook RJ. Waller DM (1997) Bacillus sp. L324-92 for Biologycal control of three roots diseases of wheat grown with reduce tillage. Phytopatology. 87: 551-558.
Kukuk C, Kivanc M, kinaki E, Kinaci G (2007) Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum (Riffaii) on inhabitation of ascochyta blight disease of chickpea. Annals of Microbiology. 57: 665-668.
Kumari M, Yadav V, N Tuteja N, Johri AK (2012) Antioxidant enzyme activities in maize plants colonized with Piriformospora indica. Microbiology. 155: 780-790.
Mottaghian A, Pirdashti H, Bahmanyar MA, Shahsavari A, Hasanpour R (2009) Effect of three Trichoderma species and different amounts of enriched municipal waste compost on growth parameters in spinach (spinacia oleracea). In: Proceeding of 5th International Scientific Conference of Iran and Russia on Agricultural Development Problems. Saint Petersburg, Russia, 8-9 October. 267-270.
Rui X, Boye JI, Ribereau S, Simpson BK, Prasher SO (2011) Comparative study of the composition and thermal properties of protein isolates prepared from nine Phaseolus vulgaris legume varieties. Food Research International. 44: 2497-2504.
Shahbazi S, Askari H, Naseripour T (2014) Chitinolytic enzymes production by different strains of Trichoderma and investigation of their antagonistic interactions against soil borne pathogens. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 7(8), 472.
Shahsavari A, Pirdashti H, Motaghian A, Tajik Ghanbari MA (2010) Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth parametrs and yield to co-inoculation of farmyard manure, Tricoderma spp. And psudomunas app. Journal of Agroecology. 2 (3): 448-458.
Soltani A (2008) Re-concidration of Application of Application of Statistical methods in agricultural researches. Jahad-e-daneshgahi Mashhad. P73.
Szabados L. Savoure A. 2009. Proline: a multifunctional amino acid. Trends in Plant Science. 15: 89-97
Yazdani M, Pirdashti H, Tajik GHanbari MA (2008) Effect of Tricoderma ssp. And different organic manures on growth and development in soybean [Glysine max (L.) Merril.]. Electron journal of Crop production. 1(3): 65-82.
Yedidia I, Srivastava AK, Kapulnik Y, Chet I (2001) Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants. Plant and soil. 235(2): 235-242.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار