بررسی عوامل موثر بر تنوع و تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه از ژن‌های مرموز میکروب‌های ‏ریزوسفری

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 ژنتیک مولکولی، دانشکده پردیس گیلان، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه گیالن، رشت، ایران

3 بخش زیست‌شناسی سامانه‌ها، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

4 بخش بیوتکنولوژی میکروبی، بژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

گیاهان با ترکیبات خاص در ترشحات ریشه خود می‌توانند جامعه میکروبی خاصی را در ریزوسفر تقویت کنند و از اجتماع جامعه میکروبی مضر برای خود جلوگیری کنند. ریزوسفر منطقه‌ای پویا اطراف ریشه گیاه ‌است که توسط برهمکنش بین گیاه و میکروارگانیسم‌ها اداره می‌شود. ترشحات ریشه گیاه می‌تواند تحت تاثیر گونه گیاه، مراحل رشد گیاه و شرایط تنش قرار گیرد و متفاوت باشد؛ بنابراین هر سویه میکروبی می‌تواند بیان ژن‌های خود را در هر مرحله از رشد گیاه تنظیم کند. میکروب‌ها منبع ناشناخته و عظیمی از متابولیت‌های ثانویه هستند که نقش بسیار مهمی در عرصه درمانی و دیگر صنایع دارند. مطالعه مروری حاضر بر روی عوامل القا کننده تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه جدید از میکروب‌های ریزوسفری تمرکز دارد. هر سویه میکروبی پتانسیل تولید چندین ترکیب را دارد اما با توجه به این‌که تولید متایولیت‌های ثانویه برای سلول بسیار هزینه بر است، سنتز آن‌ها توسط سلول بسیار کنترل شده است. مطالعات نشان داده که تغییر شرایط رشد میکروب‌ها، مانند: دما، شوری، کشت توام (باکتری-باکتری، قارچ-قارچ، باکتری-قارچ)، تغییر غلظت اکسیژن، سرعت هوادهی، افزودن عناصر خاکی و یون‌های فلزی کمیاب، تابش نور و همچنین روش‌های مهندسی ژنتیک مانند: قرار دادن پروموتر‌های قوی القایی، مهندسی ریبوزوم، بازآرایی کروماتین و بیان بیش از حد ژن‌های تنظیم کننده خاص مسیر و مولکول‌های کوچک و محرک شیمیایی‌ می‌تواند به کشف ترکیبات جدید‌ کمک کند. در این مطالعه موارد فوق به تفضیل تشریح شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating factors affecting the diversity and production of ‎secondary‏ ‏metabolites from mysterious genes of rhizosphere microbes

نویسندگان [English]

  • maryam sajedmarani 1
  • Soheila Talesh Sasani 2
  • Shohreh Ariaeenejad 3
  • Akram Sadeghi 4
1 Molecular Genetics Department, Gilan Campus Faculty, Rasht, Iran.‌
2 Associate Prof. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, IRAN
3 Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Karaj, Iran.
4 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Plants with special compounds in their root exudates can strengthen a specific microbial community in the rhizosphere and prevent harmful microbial community from forming. The rhizosphere is a dynamic region around the plant root that is governed by the interaction between the plant and microorganisms. Plant root secretions can be influenced by plant species, plant growth stages and stress conditions and can be different; therefore, each microbial strain can regulate the expression of its genes at each stage of plant growth. Microbes are an unknown and huge source of secondary metabolites that play a very important role in the field of medicine and other industries. The present review focuses on factors inducing the production of new secondary metabolites from rhizosphere microbes. Each microbial strain has the potential to produce several compounds, but considering that the production of secondary metabolites is very costly for the cell, their synthesis is highly controlled by the cell. Studies have shown that changing the growth conditions of microbes, such as: temperature, salinity, co-cultivation (bacteria-bacteria, fungi-fungi, bacteria-fungi), change in oxygen concentration, aeration speed, addition of soil elements and rare metal ions, light radiation and also genetic engineering methods such as: insertion of strong inducible promoters, ribosome engineering, chromatin rearrangement, overexpression of pathway-specific regulatory genes and small molecules and chemical stimuli can help to discover new compounds. In this study, the above cases are explained in detail.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Induction
  • Plant root secretions
  • Rhizosphere microbes
  • Secondary metabolite
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